A gadolinium-based magnetic ionic liquid for supramolecular dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by HPLC/UV for the determination of favipiravir in human plasma

Favipiravir is a potential antiviral medication that has been recently licensed for Covid-19 treatment. In this work, a gadolinium-based magnetic ionic liquid was prepared and used as an extractant in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) of favipiravir in human plasma. The high enriching ability of DLLME allowed the determination of favipiravir in real samples using HPLC/UV with sufficient sensitivity. The effects of several variables on extraction efficiency were investigated, including type of extractant, amount of extractant, type of disperser and disperser volume. The maximum enrichment was attained using 50 mg of the Gd-magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) and 150 μl of tetrahydrofuran. The Gd-based MIL could form a supramolecular assembly in the presence of tetrahydrofuran, which enhanced the extraction efficiency of favipiravir. The developed method was validated according to US Food and Drug Administration bioanalytical method validation guidelines. The coefficient of determination was 0.9999, for a linear concentration range of 25 to 1.0 × 10⁵ ng/ml. The percentage recovery (accuracy) varied from 99.83 to 104.2%, with RSD values (precision) ranging from 4.07 to 11.84%. The total extraction time was about 12 min and the HPLC analysis time was 5 min. The method was simple, selective and sensitive for the determination of favipiravir in real human plasma.     

A Novel Biaryl Derivative from Hydrangea chinensis

Chemistry of Natural Compounds - A novel bibenzyl derivative, hydrangchinenin (1), was isolated from the stems of Hydrangea chinensis Maxim. (Hydrangeaceae). Its structure was determined on the...     

Flower-like titanium dioxide as novel co-reaction accelerator for ultrasensitive “off–on” electrochemiluminescence aptasensor construction based on 2D g-C3N4 layer for thrombin detection

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - An ultrasensitive “signal-off–on” electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor is constructed based on f1-TiO2/g-C3N4/PDA for thrombin...     

A control-theoretic perspective on optimal high-order optimization

Mathematical Programming - We provide a control-theoretic perspective on optimal tensor algorithms for minimizing a convex function in a finite-dimensional Euclidean space. Given a function...     

Synthesis and Biological Activity of New Aminophosphabetaines

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Aminophosphabetaines, i.e., isobutyl {[alkyl(dimethyl)ammonio]methyl}phosphonates with higher alkyl substituents at the nitrogen atom, were obtained by a...     

The Coordination Chemistry of f-Block Elements in Molten Salts

The coordination chemistry of f-block elements (lanthanide and actinide) in molten salts has become a resounding topic in view of its great importance to the research and development (R&D) of molten salt reactors and pyroprocessing. In this Review article, a general overview of the coordination chemistry of f-block elements in molten salts is provided including past achievements and recent advances. Particular emphases are placed on the oxidation state, speciation, and solution structure of f-block metal ions in molten salts, as well as their relationships with the salt composition. Furthermore, this review briefly discusses the spectroscopic and theoretical methods that complement each other in revealing the coordination properties.     

Polyprenols from Ficus carica Leaves and their Biological Activity

Chemistry of Natural Compounds -     

Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Process and Degradation-Related Impurities in Sugammadex Sodium Drug Substance

The aim of this study is to develop and validate a sensitive and specific stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of Sugammadex sodium together with its process and possible degradation impurities. The pKa value is 2.82. The chromatographic conditions have been optimized by the Hypersil Gold 250 mm X 4.6 mm, 3 µ RP-18 columns with gradient elution using a mobile phase composed of 0.1% phosphoric acid, acetonitrile, and methanol. The eluents were monitored at 205 nm with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with an injection volume of 20 µL. The optimized method produced symmetrical and sharp peaks with good separation between the process and degradation impurities. The forced degradation study was carried out under acid, base, oxidation, and thermal conditions to demonstrate the stability-indicating capability of the method. The method was validated as per the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) Q2 (R1) and showed excellent specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, and robustness. The developed HPLC method was precise with a value of 0.25%. The relative standard deviation of accuracy represented by the recovery studies ranged between 89.5% and 104.6%. Linearity analyses indicated a correlation coefficient value of greater than 0.996 for Sugammadex and its known impurities. The LOD and LOQ values for Sugammadex ranged from 0.017% to 0.050%, and for its related impurities, they ranged from 0.015% to 0.055%. The stability of the analytical solution was evaluated and was stable for 75 h when stored at 5 °C. No chromatographic interference was observed during the degradation studies and also in the blank chromatogram.

     

Effect of Irradiation Absorbed Dose and Organic Solvent on the Grafting Rate of PVDF-g-PHEMA through Gamma-ray Irradiation in a Homogenous Solution

High Energy Chemistry - Modification of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) by radiation grafting is a research hotspot in recent years. In this study, the monomer 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was...     

The Effect of Carbon Fibers Modification on the Mechanical Properties of Polyamide Composites for Automobile Applications

Mechanics of Composite Materials - Carbon fiber (CF)/ polyamide (PA6) composites are one of the most promising thermoplastic materials for automobile applications. However, the interfacial...