Tüpfelmethode auf Phosphat,angewandt in prähistorischer Forschung (als Feldmethode)

Zusammenfassung Die Tüpfelmethode nachFeigl auf Phosphat wurde durch die Einführung von Ascorbinsäure als Reduktionsmittel als Feldmethode modifiziert. Sie eignet sich entsprechend ihrer leichten und raschen Ausführbarkeit und Empfindlichkeit zur Untersuchung von Bohrprofilen auf die in prähistorischen Siedlungsschichten erhöhten Phosphatgehalte.

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Summary The spot test for phosphate developed byFeigl was modified by the use of ascorbic acid as the reducing agent; a field method results. In accord with the ease of conducting this test and its rapidity, and sensitivity, it has proved useful for the study of boring profiles with respect to their enhanced phosphate contents in prehistoric settlement strata.

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Résumé On a modifié la méthode à la touche deFeigl pour les phosphates sur le terrain, en employant l'acide ascorbique comme agent de réduction. En raison de son exécution facile et rapide et de sa sensibilité, elle convient à l'étude des profils de carottage pour les teneurs en phosphates élevées dans les couches de dépôts préhistoriques.

     

On the Rayleigh-Plateau instability

In this paper,we study the surface instability of a cylindrical pore in the absence of stress. This instability is called the Rayleigh-Plateau instabilty. We consider the model developed by Spencer et ...     

How Constant Momentum Acceleration Decouples Energy and Space Focusing in Distance–of–Flight and Time–of–Flight Mass Spectrometries

Resolution in time–of–flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) is ordinarily limited by the initial energy and space distributions within an instrument’s acceleration region and by the length of the field–free flight zone. With gaseous ion sources, these distributions lead to systematic flight–time errors that cannot be simultaneously corrected with conventional static–field ion–focusing devices (i.e., an ion mirror). It is known that initial energy and space distributions produce non–linearly correlated errors in both ion velocity and exit time from the acceleration region. Here we reinvestigate an old acceleration technique, constant–momentum acceleration (CMA), to decouple the effects of initial energy and space distributions. In CMA, only initial ion energies (and not their positions) affect the velocity ions gain. Therefore, with CMA, the spatial distribution within the acceleration region can be manipulated without creating ion–velocity error. The velocity differences caused by a spread in initial ion energy can be corrected with an ion mirror. We discuss here the use of CMA and independent focusing of energy and space distributions for both distance–of–flight mass spectrometry (DOFMS) and TOFMS. Performance characteristics of our CMA–DOFMS and CMA–TOFMS instrument, fitted with a glow–discharge ionization source, are described. In CMA–DOFMS, resolving powers (FWHM) of greater than 1000 are achieved for atomic ions with a flight length of 285 mm. In CMA–TOFMS, only ions over a narrow range of m/z values can be energy–focused; however, the technique offers improved resolution for these focused ions, with resolving powers of greater than 2000 for a separation distance of 350 mm.      

Synthesis,Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Evaluation of Novel Series of Condensed Thiazoloquinazoline with Pyrido,Pyrano, and Benzol Moieties as Five- and Six-Membered Heterocycle Derivatives

A novel synthesis of thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines 4(a–e), pyrido[2′,3′:4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines {5(a–e), 6(a–e), and 7(a–e)}, pyrano[2′,3′:4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines 8(a–e), and benzo[4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoloine9(a–e) derivatives starting from 2-(Bis-methylsulfanyl-methylene)-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione 2 as efficient α,α dioxoketen dithioacetal is reported and the synthetic approaches of these types of compounds will provide an innovative molecular framework to the designing of new active heterocyclic compounds. In our study, we also present optimization of the synthetic method along with a biological evaluation of these newly synthesized compounds as antioxidants and antibacterial agents against the bacterial strains, like S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. Among all the evaluated compounds, it was found that some showed significant antioxidant activity at 10 μg/mL while the others exhibited better antibacterial activity at 100 μg/mL. The results of this study showed that compound 6(c) possessed remarkable antibacterial activity, whereas compound 9(c) exhibited the highest efficacy as an antioxidant. The structures of the new synthetic compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR.     

Dependence of electrical performance on structural organization in polymer field effect transistors

Organic semiconductors (OSCs) are strong contenders for use in printed, flexible electronics. Although organic electronic materials have been studied for many years, the physics of charge transport is still under investigation. This is in part due to variability resulting from the large variety of molecules that can be synthesized and inconsistency in electrical characterization due to device and processing conditions. Molecular ordering in OSCs is known to alter the charge transport characteristics and attention to long range and short range ordering provides clues as to the nature of transport pathways. Here, we study ordered regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) films carefully prepared to obtain a set of three samples with incrementally increasing order on identical transistor architectures. Ordering was characterized using a variety of short and long range techniques to probe the coherence and number of crystallites formed during processing, and the correlation between these different measures of order are quantified. We observe three changes in transistor behavior that show a shift from non‐ideal to more textbook‐like characteristics with increasing order: reduction of the contact resistance, shift to field‐independent mobility, and a shift from a diode‐like (S‐shaped) to linear response at low lateral fields. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55, 1063–1074     

Dynamics of electron scattering between bulk states and the C<Subscript>1</Subscript> surface state of InP(100)

Hot electron dynamics was investigated, with a focus on scattering between bulk states and the C₁ surface state that is formed on the (2×4)-reconstructed In-rich surface of InP(100). The latter surface was prepared via metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and monitored by reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS/RDS). Two-color twophoton photoemission (2PPE) was employed with laser pulses of about 50 fs duration. Hot electrons were generated in bulk states about 0.5 eV above the C₁ surface state, thereby avoiding any significant direct optical population of the surface state. A time constant of 35 fs was determined from the experimental data for electron scattering from isoenergetic bulk states to the C₁ surface state by analyzing the rise of a C₁-specific peak in the 2PPE spectrum. The decay of this C₁ peak was ascribed to energy relaxation of the photo-generated electrons to bulk states below the surface state. Analogous measurements were carried out with a (2×1/2×2)-reconstructed P-rich surface of InP(100) that was also grown via MOCVD. No sign of a surface statewas detected in the 2PPE spectra for the latter surface in the corresponding energy range of the conduction band. PACS 73.20.-r; 78.47.+p; 79.60.-i; 79.60.Bm