Effect of Enzyme Modification of Corn Grits on their Properties as an Adsorbent in a Skarstrom Pressure Swing Cycle Dryer

Corn grits have been tested as a desiccant in a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system to produce dry air. Two sizes of unmodified corn grits were tested in the PSA system: 2.16 and 0.978 mm in diameter, which dried moist air to dew points of –42°C and –69°C, respectively. A modification technology has been developed for the corn grits that gives an increase in the operational adsorptive capacity in a pressure swing adsorption system, so that they remove as much moisture from air as molecular sieves at the same conditions. After modification, 2.16 mm corn grits dry moist air to a –56°C dew point and the 0.978 mm corn grits dry air to a –80°C dew point. The modification process creates surface modifications on the corn grits apparently making more adsorption sites easily available. The modification procedure increases the specific surface area of the grits and possibly decreases the crystallinity, which would make more hydroxyl groups available for adsorption of water. Possible applications of using corn grits in the pressure swing adsorption system include industrial gas dryers, sorptive cooling air conditioners, and recycling equipment for industrial solvents.     

Determination of nitrite and mixtures of bromide and iodide with o-iodosobenzoate

Nitrite diazotizes sulphanilamide, which then does not undergo 3,5-dibromination. Nitrite can therefore be determined by reaction with excess of sulphanilamide, the surplus of which is then titrated with o-iodosobenzoate or chloramine-T in the presence of potassium bromide, with Methyl Red as indicator. Mixtures of iodide and bromide can be analysed by oxidation of the iodide with excess of o-iodosobenzoate at pH 4-6, followed by extraction of the iodine (which is then titrated with thiosulphate) and then oxidation of the bromide in dilute sulphuric acid medium in the presence of sulphanilamide as bromine scavenger, the residual oxidant being evaluated iodometrically.     

Some exact solutions for non-Newtonian flow problems

Summary As the title of the present paper suggests, exact solutions have been obtained for the free convection flow ofWalters liquidB past a porous flat plate and a porous circular cylinder. The emphasis is on the methodology adopted for obtaining exact solutions. In both the problems considered in this paper, we come across a third order ordinary linear differential equation where as the available boundary conditions are only two in number. The fact that all non-Newtonian flows are mere perturbations of the corresponding viscous flows has been utilized as an extra condition and this helps us to determine exact solutions. However, some graphs have been plotted to show the effect of various physical parameters appearing in the problems on velocity profiles.

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Zusammenfassung Wie der Titel der vorliegenden Abhandlung andeutet, wurden exakte Lösungen für das freie konvektive Fließen einerWalters B-Flüssigkeit über eine poröse ebene Platte und einen porösen kreisförmigen Zylinder ermittelt. Nachdruck liegt auf der Betonung der angewandten Methodik zur Erzielung genauer Ergebnisse. In den beiden in dieser Veröffentlichung betrachteten Beispielen stoßen wir auf eine einfache lineare Differentialgleichung dritter Ordnung, wobei nur zwei Randbedingungen zahlenmäßig bekannt sind.Die Tatsache, daß alle nicht-Newtonschen Fließvorgänge lediglich Störungen des jeweiligen viskosen Fließens sind, wurde als eine zusätzliche Bedingung benutzt, die bei der Bestimmung der exakten Lösung herangezogen wird.Außerdem zeigen einige Kurvendarstellungen die Einwirkung verschiedener physikelischer Parameter auf die Geschwindigkeitsprofile.

     

Torsional oscillations of an infinite plate in an elastico-viscous fluid

Summary The equations of motion of an infinite plate performing torsional oscillations in Walters elastico-viscous liquid B have been solved by expanding the velocity profile in powers of the amplitude of oscillation of the plate. The first order solution consists of a transverse velocity and the second-order solution gives a radial-axial flow composed of a steady part and a fluctuating part. The steady part of the radial flow does not vanish outside the boundary layer and hence the equations are solved by another approximate method for the steady part of the flow. The effects of the non-Newtonian term is to increase the non-dimensional boundary layer to start with and subsequently to decrease it and to increase the shearing stress at the plate. The steady radial and the steady axial velocities fall short of the inelastic flow in the beginning but later on their values lie above.     

Chemical modification of L-glutamine to alpha-amino glutarimide on autoclaving facilitates Agrobacterium infection of host and non-host plants: A new use of a known compound

Background

Accidental autoclaving of L-glutamine was found to facilitate the Agrobacterium infection of a non host plant like tea in an earlier study. In the present communication, we elucidate the structural changes in L-glutamine due to autoclaving and also confirm the role of heat transformed L-glutamine in Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation of host/non host plants.

Results

When autoclaved at 121°C and 15 psi for 20 or 40 min, L-glutamine was structurally modified into 5-oxo proline and 3-amino glutarimide (α-amino glutarimide), respectively. Of the two autoclaved products, only α-amino glutarimide facilitated Agrobacterium infection of a number of resistant to susceptible plants. However, the compound did not have any vir gene inducing property.

Conclusions

We report a one pot autoclave process for the synthesis of 5-oxo proline and α-amino glutarimide from L-glutamine. Xenobiotic detoxifying property of α-amino glutarimide is also proposed.     

Asymptotics for General Nonstationary Fractionally Integrated Processes Without Prehistoric Influence

This paper derives a functional limit theorem for general nonstationary fractionally integrated processes having no influence from prehistory. Asymptotic distributions of sample autocovariances and sample autocorrelations based on these processes are also investigated. The problem arises naturally in discussing fractionally integrated processes when the processes starts at a given initial date.     

Isotropic distributions of test matrices

In 1946, von Neumann and his collaborators used a special distribution of random matrices as a model for estimatinga priori the machine precision needed to solve large linear systems. The present paper identifiesisotropy as a group-theoretic property of this distribution, shows that its matrices are almost never ill-conditioned, and explains how to use other isotropically distributed random matrices for testing the accuracy of numerical methods for solving linear systems and associated error diagnostics.

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Zusammenfassung Die zur Lösung linearer Gleichungssysteme benötigte Genauigkeit wurde schon 1946 durch von Neumann und seine Mitarbeiter mittels speziell verteilter Zufallsmatrizen geschätzt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit erscheint dieIsotropie als gruppentheoretische Eigenschaft dieser Verteilung. Ferner wird gezeigt, dass die Zufallsmatrizen fast nie schlecht konditioniert sind. Schliesslich diskutieren die Autoren die Verwendung anderer isotrop verteilter Zufallsmatrizen zur Prüfung von Genauigkeit und a-priori-Fehlerschranken bei Algorithmen zur Lösung linearer Gleichungssysteme.

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Dedicated to Eduard Stiefel

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The main results of this paper were reported in [3], and communicated in 1976 to those working on the LINPACK project.     

Nondifferentiable multiobjective Mond–Weir type second-order symmetric duality over cones

In this paper, a pair of Mond–Weir type nondifferentiable multiobjective second-order symmetric dual programs over arbitrary cones is formulated. Weak, strong and converse duality theorems are established under second-order K–F-convexity/K–η-bonvexity assumptions. A self duality theorem is also obtained by assuming the functions involved to be skew-symmetric.