Azacycloalkanes: XXXIX. New Syntheses of 1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-Pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid and 1,2-dihydropyrrolo-[1,2-<Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis>]pyrazin-3(4<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-one derivatives

New procedures have been developed for the synthesis of α-(2-formyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-substituted carboxylic acids, α-(2-R-aminomethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-substituted carboxylic acids, and 1,2-dihydropyrrolo-[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(4H)-ones on the basis of furfurol and α-amino acids.     

Synthesis and selected properties of N-substituted pyrrolo[2,1-c]-1,3-diazacycloalkano[1,2-a]pyrazinones

The reactions of methyl α-(2-formyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)carboxylates with N-substituted aliphatic 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-diamines afford new pyrrole-containing heterocyclic systems: 1,2,3,10b-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[2,1-c]pyrazin-5(6H)-ones, 1,3,4,11b-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[2′,1′:3,4]pyrazino[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6(7H)-ones, and 1,2,3,4,5,12b-hexahydro-pyrrolo[2′,1′:3,4]pyrazino[1,2-a][1,3]diazepin-7(8H)-ones. The reduction of these compounds with different reagents was studied.     

Synthesis and some properties of N-unsubstituted pyrrolo[2,1-c]-1,3-diazacycloalkano[1,2-a]pyrazinones

Reactions of methyl 2-(2-formyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)alkanoates with unsubstituted aliphatic 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-diamines gave N-unsubstituted pyrrolo[2,1-c]-1,3-diazacycloalkano[1,2-a]-pyrazinones. Some of them show ring-chain tautomerism. Transformations of these compounds led to a number of novel heterocyclic systems: 2,10-dihydro-3H,5H-imidazo[1,2-a]-pyrrolo[1,2-d]pyrazines, 2,3,4,11-tetrahydro-6H-pyrrolo[1??,2??:4,5]pyrazino[1,2-a]pyrimidines, 1,2,3,5,6,10b-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[2,1-c]pyrazines, 1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrrolo[2??,1??:3,4]pyrazino[1,2-a]pyrimidines, and 2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c]-[1,4,7]triazacycloundecin-8(9H)-one.     

First asymmetric synthesis of 4-piperidones. Preparation of optically active diastereomers of 1-α-phenylethyl-2-methyl-4-piperidone

The fundamental possibility of carrying out the asymmetric synthesis of 4-piperidones on the basis of the transamination of 1-substituted 2-methyl-4-piperidone methiodides by optically active -phenylethylamine was demonstrated; the optical yield of the asymmetric transamination is 50%. The occurrence of asymmetric synthesis was confirmed by the isolation of enantiomers of 2-methyl-4-piperidol by reduction of the individual diastereomers of 1--phenyl-ethyl-2-methyl-4-piperidone to the corresponding 4-piperidols with subsequent removal of the chiral substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1378–1382, October, 1985.     

Asymmetric synthesis and absolute configuration of 1-α-phenylethyl-2,5-dimethyl-4-piperidone isomers

Reaction of the methyl iodide of trans-1,2,5-trimethyl-4-piperidone with S--phenylethylamine proceeds asymmetrically and leads in 66% optical yield to the formation of the cis- and trans-diastereomeric pair of 1-(-phenylethyl)-2,5-dimethyl-4-piperidone, in which the new asymmetric centers possess the 2S,5S- and 2S,5R-configurations, respectively. According to x-ray structural analysis, the minor trans-1-(-phenylethyl)-2,5-dimethyl-4-piperidone component possesses the 2R,5S-configuration. The occurrence of asymmetric synthesis accompanying transamination was confirmed via the preparation of enantiomers of trans-2,5- and trans-1,2,5-trimethyl-4-piperidones.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 12, pp. 1641–1648, December, 1986.     

Asymmetric synthesis of cycloalkano-2,3-piperid-4-ols

A new method for the asymmetric synthesis of cycloalkano-2,3-piperid-4-ols by the reaction of a number of chiral enamino ketones with sodium borohydride is proposed. It is shown that the reduction proceeds via 1,4-hydride addition and leads to the formation of primarily one diastereomeric pair of cycloalkano-2,3-piperidols and their dehydration products. The asymmetric synthesis was confirmed by the production of optically active nitrogen-unsubstituted cycloalkano-2,3-piperid-4-ols when the chiral substituent was removed.Communication 49 from the series Stereochemical Studies. See [1] for Communication 48.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 101–104, January, 1980.     

Theoretical grounds and technologies for dipeptide drug development

Two original technologies for dipeptide drug development are described. Both are based on the theoretical idea about major role of the central dipeptide fragment of polypeptide chain β-turn in the peptide–receptor interaction. The first technology named Drug-Based Peptide Design includes movement from the structure of a known non-peptide drug toward its topological peptide analog, usually coinciding with the central region of the β-turn. The other technology represents movement from the β-turn of the regulatory peptide or protein to its dipeptide mimetic. This theoretical view is illustrated by examples of discovery of endogenous peptide prototypes of the well-known non-peptide drugs Piracetam and Sulpiride. The development of highly effective, non-toxic, orally administrable dipeptide drugs such as Noopept and Dilept with nootropic and neuroleptic activities, respectively, as well as dipeptide anxyolytic GB-115 and dipeptide anti-stroke drug candidate GK-2 on the basis of this approach is described.