Spectral and electrochemical investigation of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene-stabilized vitamin E aggregation

The host–guest interaction of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) with p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (p-SC4) in solution state is studied using emission and cyclic voltammetric techniques. The lipid soluble α-tocopherol (α-T) forms a solid complex with p-SC4. FTIR and NMR spectral analysis of the solid complex reveals the tight packing of α-T inside the cavity of p-SC4. The structural deformation is confirmed by XRD analysis. SEM images differentiate the highly porous gel like structure of vitamin E aggregate and the solid structure of the host–guest complex prepared. NOESY spectra confirm the tight penetration of α-T within the hydrophobic cavity of p-SC4.     

经Opuntia dilenii haw植物提取液绿色合成制备的纳米铝酸锌的催化性质(英文)

Various nanosized zinc aluminate(ZnAl2O4) samples were prepared by a conventional and a mi- crowave method both with and without using Opuntia dilenii haw plant extract,and were charac- terized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),high resolution scanning electron microscopy(HRSEM),energy dispersion scanning(EDX),temperature dependent conductance measurements, thermoelectric power measurements, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,and photoluminescence spectroscopy.The formation of a pure ZnAl2O4 phase was confirmed by XRD and FT-IR.A change in morphology from nanosized plates to nanosized sheets with,respectively,the conventional and microwave heating methods was clearly shown by HRSEM.UV-Vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy measured the band gaps of ZnAl2O4 nanosized plates and nanosized sheets as 3.5 and 3.9 eV,respectively.The synthesized ZnAl2O4 was single crystalline and has three photoluminescence emissions at 482,528,and 540 nm.ZnAl2O4 nanosized sheets prepared by the microwave method showed higher catalytic activity for the oxida- tion of benzyl alcohol(85% conversion) than ZnAl2O4 nanosized plates prepared by the convention- al method(60% conversion).     

Photoinduced Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Indoles: Three‐Component Coupling of Arylamines,Terminal Alkynes,and Quinones

The first successful example of a visible‐light‐induced copper‐catalyzed process for C? H annulation of arylamines with terminal alkynes and benzoquinone is described. This three‐component reaction allows use of a variety of commercial terminal alkynes as coupling partners for the one‐step regioselective synthesis of functionalized indoles. Moreover, the current process represents a sustainable and atom‐economical approach for the preparation of complex indoles from easily accessible starting materials under visible‐light irradiation, without the need for expensive metals and harsh reaction conditions.     

Preparation and evaluation of unimolecular pentavalent and hexavalent antigenic constructs targeting prostate and breast cancer: a synthetic route to anticancer vaccine candidates

Several novel, fully synthetic, carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccines have been assembled. Each construct consists of multiple cancer-related antigens displayed on a single polypeptide backbone. Recent advances in synthetic methodology have allowed for the incorporation of a complex oligosaccharide terminating in a sialic acid residue (i.e., GM2) as one of the carbohydrate antigens. Details of the vaccine synthesis as well as the results of preliminary immunological investigations are described herein.     

A Fully Synthetic Globo H Carbohydrate Vaccine Induces a Focused Humoral Response in Prostate Cancer Patients: A Proof of Principle

Human trials on the globo H carbohydrate vaccine (see picture, KLH=the carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin) show that it produces strong IgM, and in some cases IgG, responses in patients with progressive and recurrent prostate cancer. Furthermore, these antibodies not only recognize synthetic antigens, but also globo H‐positive tumors in biopsy extracts and tumor tissues.     

Enhanced electrochemical performance of LiMnBO<Subscript>3</Subscript> with conductive glassy phase: a prospective cathode material for lithium-ion battery

LiMnBO₃ has been identified as a promising cathode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. In this study, LiMnBO₃ along with glassy lithium borate material (LiMnBO₃ (II)) is synthesized by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis depicts the existence of LiBO₂ glassy phase along with m-LiMnBO₃ phase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirms the presence of LiBO₂ glassy phase. An enhanced electrical conductivity of 3.64 × 10^?7 S/cm is observed for LiMnBO₃ (II). The LiBO₂ glassy phase is found to promote the Li reaction kinetics in LiMnBO₃ (II). The synthesized LiMnBO₃ (II) delivers a first discharge capacity of 310 mAh g^?1 within a potential window of 1.5–4.5 V at C/10 rate. Further, a discharge capacity of 186 mAh g^?1 at the 27th cycle shows a better cycle performance. The enhanced capacity is due to the presence of LiBO₂ glassy phase and more than one Li-ion transfer in the lithium-rich stoichiometry of LiMnBO₃ (II). Density functional theory calculation reveals the exact electronic structure of m-LiMnBO₃ with a band gap of 3.05 eV. A charge transfer mechanism is predicted for delithiation process of m-LiMnBO₃.     

Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of QS-21 Variants Leading to Simplified Vaccine Adjuvants and Mechanistic Probes

QS-21 is a potent immunostimulatory saponin that is currently under clinical investigation as an adjuvant in various vaccines to treat infectious diseases, cancers, and cognitive disorders. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and preclinical evaluation of simplified QS-21 congeners to define key structural features that are critical for adjuvant activity. Truncation of the linear tetrasaccharide domain revealed that a trisaccharide variant is equipotent to QS-21, while the corresponding disaccharide and monosaccharide congeners are more toxic and less potent, respectively. Modification of the acyl chain domain in the trisaccharide series revealed that a terminal carboxylic acid is well-tolerated while a terminal amine results in reduced adjuvant activity. Acylation of the terminal amine can, in some cases, restore adjuvant activity and enables the synthesis of fluorescently labeled QS-21 variants. Cellular studies with these probes revealed that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the most highly adjuvant active of these fluorescently labeled saponins does not simply associate with the plasma membrane, but rather is internalized by dendritic cells.