Synthesis of Esters of Dioxane Alcohols and Their Performance as Plasticizers for Polyvinyl Chloride Compounds

A procedure was developed for preparing a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride compounds from the fraction of dioxane alcohols. The main physicochemical properties of the new plasticizer were determined. Items prepared from formulations containing the new plasticizer were fabricated and tested in laboratory.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 6, 2005, pp. 972–976.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Glazko, Gur’yanova, Levanova, Kozlova, Neiman.     

Deamination as a Method of Pretreatment of Nitrogen-Containing Wastewater before Biological Treatment

A deamination method was proposed for pretreatment before biological treatment of process nitrogen-containing wastewater from caprolactam production.     

Kinetics of electrochemical oxidation of yttrium

The anodic generation of yttrium oxide is investigated. The determined kinetic parameters correspond to those of the electrochemical oxidation of metals involving the formation of dielectric layers. Kinetic features of the formation of two yttrium oxides are described.     

Selective hydrogenation with the use of nanocatalysts

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - Process of single-stage hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone with industrial (domestic and imported) palladium catalysts, and also with nanocatalysts...     

Performance and selectivity of organic solvents in extraction of caprolactam from lactam oil

The extraction of lactam from lactam oil with benzene, toluene, cyclohexane, and cyclohexane-benzene and cyclohexane-cyclohexanol mixtures, followed by its backwashing with water, was studied. The distribution ratios of caprolactam and main characteristics of the resulting aqueous lactam (permanganate number, content of volatile bases) were determined.     

Cyclohexanone in the production of caprolactam. Problems and solutions

Russian Chemical Bulletin - This review presents data analysis on the impurities in cyclohexanone: pathways of their formation and the influence on the qualty of commercial caprolactam. The...     

Ways of controlling the selectivity of cyclohexane oxidation

Operation of an industrial installation for cyclohexane oxidation was analyzed, and causes of the low process selectivity (45–52%) were elucidated. The relationships of cyclohexane oxidation under laboratory conditions maximum similar to those of the industrial process were studied. Measures were suggested for optimizing the process so as to increase the yield of the target products by a factor of 1.2–1.6, decrease the amount of cyclohexane spent for the formation of by-products by a factor of 1.2–1.8, and increase the process selectivity to 68%.     

Intensification of cyclohexanone purification stage from impurities in caprolactam production using phase transfer catalysis

Impurities in the oxidate, which was produced in the oxidation of cyclohexane in an industrial environment, were analyzed and identified. It is found that the amount of esters and ethers is 30% of the impurities produced, among which a cyclohexyl ethers amount is more than 50%. The process of purifying the oxidate from the impurities by hydrolysis in the presence of phase transfer catalysts and without them was studied. It has been shown that the use of trioctylmethyl ammonium chloride (Aliquat-336) in the the stage of saponification of esters enabled a removal of 90–96% of esters with reducing of reaction time in a 1.5-fold, in contrast to non-catalytic process.     

Optimization of a cyclohexanone distillation stage in the presence of alkali

Kinetics of two reactions: hydrolysis of esters and condensation of cyclohexanone in an alkaline environment, was studied in model mixtures. Derived kinetic equations were used to assess optimal parameters of proceeding cyclohexanone distillation in the presence of alkali.