全文获取类型
收费全文 | 302篇 |
免费 | 6篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 147篇 |
晶体学 | 9篇 |
力学 | 3篇 |
数学 | 56篇 |
物理学 | 98篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 7篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 21篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 12篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 14篇 |
2008年 | 8篇 |
2007年 | 14篇 |
2006年 | 3篇 |
2005年 | 17篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有313条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid in isopropyl alcohol is studied by kinetic, dynamic laser scattering and 13C-NMR methods. Correlations are established between the dependence of the copolymerization rate, the apparent average molecular weight, the diffusion coefficients and the configurational triad composition on the monomer feed. These correlations and the fact that both copolymerization constants are smaller than unity (rMMA = 0.63 ± 0.03; rMA = 0.25 ± 0.05) are in good agreement with the assumption that a comonomer complex takes part in the propagation reaction. A new Markov chain method for the estimation of the configurational triad mole fraction which accounts for the complex participation in a macromolecule formation is developed. Qualitative criteria for evidence the participation of the comonomer complex in copolymerization are proposed using experimental and terminal model calculated mole fractions of the compositional triads and diads. 相似文献
2.
Cyclic Hypomonotonicity,Cyclic Submonotonicity,and Integration 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
Rockafellar has shown that the subdifferentials of convex functions are always cyclically monotone operators. Moreover, maximal cyclically monotone operators are necessarily operators of this type, since one can construct explicitly a convex function, which turns out to be unique up to a constant, whose subdifferential gives back the operator. This result is a cornerstone in convex analysis and relates tightly convexity and monotonicity. In this paper, we establish analogous robust results that relate weak convexity notions to corresponding notions of weak monotonicity, provided one deals with locally Lipschitz functions and locally bounded operators. In particular, the subdifferentials of locally Lipschitz functions that are directionally hypomonotone [respectively, directionally submonotone] enjoy also an additional cyclic strengthening of this notion and in fact are maximal under this new property. Moreover, every maximal cyclically hypomonotone [respectively, maximal cyclically submonotone] operator is always the Clarke subdifferential of some directionally weakly convex [respectively, directionally approximately convex] locally Lipschitz function, unique up to a constant, which in finite dimentions is a lower C2 function [respectively, a lower C1 function]. 相似文献
3.
The concept of the residence time τksp of an atom in a kink site has recently been suggested to understand the processes in electrochemical deposition of alloys
and intermetallic compounds. Different kink sites with different residence times must be defined for alloys and intermetallic
compounds. Based on this model, the finite Markov chain theory is applied to describe the selectivity of the growth process.
An analytical relationship between the alloy composition and the metal ion concentrations in the electrolyte is derived. General
model parameters are ratios g
i = K
ii/K
ij of equilibrium constants of the reaction of electrolyte ions with different kink sites on the surface (i, j representing different alloy components). These ratios are called selectivity constants. For simple conditions, the equation
g
i ≈ τii/τij connects the g
i values with the residence times. The theory is tested in the deposition of alloys Co-Ni (anomalous co-deposition) and Ni-Mo
(induced co-deposition). Additionally, Bi2Te3, an example of stoichiometric semiconductor deposition, is treated.
Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2006, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 1216–1223.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
4.
5.
We present second-order subdifferentials of Clarke's type of C
1,1 functions, defined in Banach spaces with separable duals. One of them is an extension of the generalized Hessian matrix of such functions in
n
, considered by J. B. H.-Urruty, J. J. Strodiot and V. H. Nguyen. Various properties of these subdifferentials are proved. Second-order optimality conditions (necessary, sufficient) for constrained minimization problems with C
1,1 data are obtained.This work was partially supported by the National Foundation for Scientific Investigations in Bulgaria under contract No. MM-406/1994. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
Lattice Vibration Spectra. LXIII. Be(IO3)2 · 4 H2O, a Hydrate with Unusual Bonding and Lattice Dynamics The IR and Raman spectra (4000–50 cm?1) of Be(IO3)2 · 4 H2O and of deuterated specimens are recorded at 90 and 300 K and discussed in terms of the unusual relations of the masses of the atoms involved and the large polarization power of the beryllium ions. Thus, the translatory modes of the Be2+ ions (BeO4 skeleton vibrations), the librations of the H2O molecules, and the internal vibrations of the IO3? ions in the spectral regions of 300–400 and 600–1000 cm?1 couple and coincide producing unusual vH/vD isotopic ratios of partly < 1. The H-bond donor strengths of the water molecules is so much increased (due to the very large ionic potential of Be2+ ions, viz. 49 e nm?1) (synergetic effect) that the H-bonds formed are similar in strength as those in hydrates of hydroxides with the very strong H-bond acceptor group OH? (vOD of matrix isolated HDO molecules 2 074 and 2 244 (H2O I) and 2 206 and 2 349 cm?1 (H2O II)) 相似文献
9.
Mircho Georgiev Tatiana Popova Zhorro S. Nickolov Nikolay Goutev Georgi Georgiev Hiroatsu Matsuura 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2004,2(4):617-626
The hypothesis that the degree of hydration of poly(oxyethylene) (POE) in aqueous solution depends on the mole ratio of water
molecules to ether oxygen atoms in the molecule has been verified by studying the isotropic Raman spectra in the O−H stretching
region for four short-chain POEs (C 1E
n
C 1 withn=1−4). Excellent coincidence of the O−H stretching Raman band for all four POEs studied in the range of mole ratio H2O/O
ether
from 25 to 0.6 was observed, thus confirming the assumption stated above. A conclusion that all ether oxygen atoms in the
POE molecule participate in hydrogen bonding with water molecules has been made. 相似文献
10.
Yaron Haviv Olga Georgiev Tal Gaver-Bracha Sharleen Hamad Alina Nemirovski Rivka Hadar Yair Sharav Doron J. Aframian Yariv Brotman Joseph Tam 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(14)
Background: the endocannabinoid system (ECS) participates in many physiological and pathological processes including pain generation, modulation, and sensation. Its involvement in chronic orofacial pain (OFP) in general, and the reflection of its involvement in OFP in salivary endocannabinoid (eCBs) levels in particular, has not been examined. Objectives: to evaluate the association between salivary (eCBs) levels and chronic OFP. Methods: salivary levels of 2 eCBs, anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), 2 endocannabinoid-like compoundsN-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), and their endogenous precursor and breakdown product, arachidonic acid (AA), were analyzed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in 83 chronic OFP patients and 43 pain-free controls. The chronic OFP patients were divided according to diagnosis into musculoskeletal, neurovascular/migraine, and neuropathic pain types. Results: chronic OFP patients had lower levels of OEA (p = 0.02) and 2-AG (p = 0.01). Analyzing specific pain types revealed lower levels of AEA and OEA in the neurovascular group (p = 0.04, 0.02, respectively), and 2-AG in the neuropathic group compared to controls (p = 0.05). No significant differences were found between the musculoskeletal pain group and controls. Higher pain intensity was accompanied by lower levels of AA (p = 0.028), in neuropathic group. Conclusions: lower levels of eCBs were found in the saliva of chronic OFP patients compared to controls, specifically those with neurovascular/migraine, and neuropathic pain. The detection of changes in salivary endocannabinoids levels related to OFP adds a new dimension to our understanding of OFP mechanisms, and may have diagnostic as well as therapeutic implications for pain. 相似文献