The structures and formation of [C4H6N]+ ions 2—ion structures derived from 2-methylpropanenitrile

The loss of a hydrogen atom from ionized 2-methylpropanenitrile is preceded by a drastic rearrangement of the molecular ion. The result of this fragmentation is the generation of two stable structurally different [C₄H₆N]⁺ ions, formed via different pathways. Their structures can be established by a careful comparison of the metastable ion spectra, collision activation spectra, and charge stripping spectra from the compound and its three deuterium labeled analogues and from [C₄H₆N]⁺ ions generated from reference compounds via electron impact ionization or in selected ion/molecule reactions.     

The photoelectron spectra of gaseous alkali perrhenates

The HeI photoelectron spectra of the gaseous alkali perrhenates have been obtained using a high-temperature cylindrical mirror electron spectrometer equipped with an internally located, resistance-heated sample oven. The ionization energies have been assigned molecular-orbital origins using MO calculations and comparisons with X-ray photoelectron data, UV-visible electronic spectra, and electron diffraction experiments.     

Manifestation of the Gouy phase in vector-vortex beams

Experimental measurements of the twirl and changes in the anisotropy of the constant intensity ellipse, and the rotation of the polarization singular lemon pattern a generalized vector-vortex beam experiences around the two foci due to the converging and diverging conical waves and in between, are presented and interpreted as being due to the universal form of the Gouy phase, φ(G)=mπ/2.     

Effect of oxygen enrichment on CI engine behavior fueled with vegetable oil: an experimental study

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The present study investigated the effect of oxygen enrichment in a CI engine on performance, emission and combustion characteristics with mahua oil...     

Adduct formation in the extraction of zinc oxinate into various organic solvents

The extraction of zincoxinate into 10 different organic solvents was investigated. By studying the dependence of the distribution upon pH, reagent concentration, and solvent concentration (in an inert medium), the species were identified and the extraction constants estimated. Correlations between the species type and the efficiency of extraction are postulated. The species extracting into 4-methyl-2-pentanone, I-butanol, and 4-methyl-2-pentanol is ZnR₂S₂, that extracting into benzene and chloroform is ZnR₂(HR)S, that extracting into butyl and pentyl ethers is ZnR₂S, that extracting into carbon tetrachloride is ZnR₂(HR), and that extracting into hexane and cyclohexane is ZnR₂(H₂O)₂. In these formulas, R is the oxinate ion, HR is oxine, and S is the organic solvent. It is suggested that the extraction behavior can be explained by assuming a water molecule to be attached to the ZnR₂S and ZnR₂(HR) species.     

Oxidation of aldehyde semicarbazones with lead dioxide: Application to the syntheses of 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 2,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones

The oxidation of aldehyde semicarbazones with lead dioxide in acid media was effected. The 4,4-disubstituted semicarbazones of aromatic aldehydes afford 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. The 2,4-disubstituted semicarbazones give 2,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones, often in higher yields than the known methods. The mechanisms for the formation of these compounds are proposed.     

Eine Petroleumlampe zum Anheizen von Muffel?fen

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