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1.
Microemulsions (dispersions of water droplets, typical radius about 10 nm, in oil) show a particular percolation pattern, a so-called dynamical percolation. Predictions of scaling theory and Monte Carlo simulations were compared with experimental static and frequency dependent conductivity data. The latter gives evidence of two different time scales of charge transport.Dedicated to Professor Harry Thomas on the occasion of his 60th birthday 相似文献
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Oleinikova A Smolin N Brovchenko I Geiger A Winter R 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(5):1988-1998
The formation of spanning hydrogen-bonded water networks on protein surfaces by a percolation transition is closely connected with the onset of their biological activity. To analyze the structure of the hydration water at this important threshold, we performed the first computer simulation study of the percolation transition of water in a model protein powder and on the surface of a single protein molecule. The formation of an infinite water network in the protein powder occurs as a 2D percolation transition at a critical hydration level, which is close to the values observed experimentally. The formation of a spanning 2D water network on a single rigid protein molecule can be described by adapting the cluster analysis of conventional percolation studies to the characterization of the connectivity of the hydration water on the surface of finite objects. Strong fluctuations of the surface water network are observed close to the percolation threshold. Our simulations also furnish a microscopic picture for understanding the specific values of the experimentally observed hydration levels, where different steps of increasing mobility in the hydrated powder are observed. 相似文献
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Thomas Geiger Richard Nottenberg Mary-Lou Plaprat Michael Grtzel 《Helvetica chimica acta》1982,65(8):2507-2516
Light-induced interfacial electron transfer from two p-InP electrodes differing in the amount of majority carrier doping to a number of electron relays ( R ) dissolved in aqueous solution was investigated. The material with the lower carrier density (0.71 × 1018 cm?3) exhibited much better wavelength response and quantum yield for electron transfer than the electrode doped with 2.3 × 1018 cm?3 charge carriers. Using cobalt (III) sepulcrate, Co (sep)3+, as an electron relay a polychromatic light to electrical energy conversion efficiency of 18% was obtained. The potential of this relay for use in a regenerative photoelectrochemical cell is briefly discussed. 相似文献
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Zirconium can be determination fluorimctrically with morin in 2M hydrochloric acid in the presence of such elements as Al, Be, Ga, Sb, Sn, Th and U, which fluorcsce much less strongly under the conditions, by measuring the fluorescence intensity before and after adding ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. This substance destroys the fluorescence of zirconium only and the difference in fluorescence intensities corresponds to the concentration of zirconium in solution. The determination of zirconium in the presence of aluminum has especially been studied. Satisfactory accuracy can be obtained even when Al/Zr = 10,000, if the proper morin concentration is used. Iron docs not interfere if reduced to the ferrous state with mercap oacetic acid, Zirconium can be determined in silicate rocks without any separations except those made automatically in tlie sodium carbonate decomposition. Niobium and tantalum should not exceed 0.05%. 相似文献
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Le Faou JH Suomijärvi T Blumenfeld Y Piattelli P Agodi C Alamanos N Alba R Auger F Bellia G Chomaz P Coniglione R Del Zoppo A Finocchiaro P Frascaria N Gaardhoje JJ Garron JP Gillibert A Lamehi-Rachti M Liguori-Neto R Maiolino C Migneco E Russo G Roynette JC Santonocito D Sapienza P Scarpaci JA Smerzi A 《Physical review letters》1994,72(21):3321-3324
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Akiba Y Beavis D Beery P Britt HC Budick B Chasman C Chen Z Chi CY Chu YY Cianciolo V Cole BA Costales JB Crawford HJ Cumming JB Debbe R Engelage J Fung SY Gonin M Gushue S Hamagaki H Hansen O Hayano RS Hayashi S Homma S Kaneko H Kang J Kaufman S Kehoe WL Kurita K Ledoux RJ Levine MJ Miake Y Morrison DP Morse RJ Moskowitz B Nagamiya S Namboodiri MN Nayak TK Olness J Parsons CG Remsberg LP Roehrich D Rothschild P Sakurai H Sangster TC Seto R Soltz R Stankus P Steadman SG Stephans GS Sung T 《Physical review letters》1996,76(12):2021-2024
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