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R. A. Gazzaeva L. V. Drebenkova T. I. Likhomanova N. V. Zyk 《Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds》1997,33(5):596-599
For the first time, we describe the diene synthesis of 5-chloro-1-alkyl-2-pyridones with N-phenylmaleic imide and have shown that the reaction proceeds nonstereoselectively with formation of a mixture of [4+2]cycloadducts with anendo andexo configuration. We have obtained 1,4-cycloadducts with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione.M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 687–691, May, 1997. 相似文献
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Lebedev AT Dianova IV Mochalov SS Lobodin VV Samguina TY Gazzaeva RA 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2001,12(8):956-963
The electron ionization (EI) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra of substituted N-(ortho-cyclopropylphenyl)benzamides 1-7 and N-[ortho-(1-methylcyclopropyl)phenyl]benzamides 8-12 were recorded. In addition to routine bond cleavages, the molecular ions (M+) of 1-12 undergo cyclization into the corresponding 3-aryl-1-alkyl-1-ethyl-1H-benzoxazines and isomeric 5-ethyl-2-oxodibenzoazepines. The presence of a methyl group in the cyclopropyl ring (compounds 8-12) makes the formation of 5-ethyl-2-oxodibenzoazepine less favorable. In accord with mass spectrometric predictions, compound 13 (3-p-tolyl-1-ethyl-1H-benzoxazine) was obtained as a major product of the reaction of N-(ortho-cyclopropylphenyl)-4-methylbenzamide 1 with sulfuric acid. Traces of 5-ethyl-2-oxodibenzoazepine were also detected in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the reaction mixture although the yield was too low to allow its isolation. 相似文献
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CLAUDIA L. PARKER OSCAR N. VENTURA STAN K. BURT RAÚL E. CACHAU 《Molecular physics》2013,111(17):2659-2668
We present a general purpose QM-MM-MD engine (DYNGA) designed to test alternative hybrid Hamiltonians geared towards the treatment of problems of interest in structural biology including the use of experimental data constraints. In this first presentation we use DYNGA to explore the behaviour of a traditional QM-MM approach in the treatment of the water—water interaction. We find the potential energy hypersurface for the water dimer computed with the HF 4–31G*/TIP3P hybrid Hamiltonian tends to be too flat. We also explore the effect of using traditional QM-MM techniques on proton wires and conclude there is a need for improvement, possibly addressed by using polarizable force fields. 相似文献
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Abstract We analyze the efficiency of the international management of the Bay of Biscay anchovy. While a sharing agreement between France and Spain has been in place since 1992, the fish stock collapsed in 2005 and the fishery closed from 2005 to spring 2010. We consider differences in production technologies between both countries and calibrate our model using data from 1987 to 2009. Our results suggest two sources of rent dissipation under the existing sharing agreement: inefficient quota allocation and production inefficiencies due to inflexible national regulations. We discuss several alternatives to improve management. 相似文献
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A newly developed interface coupling a CHN combustion device (elemental analyser 'EA') to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer is described and evaluated. The purpose of the device is to extend the dynamic range of delta(13)C and delta(15)N analysis from less than 2 orders of magnitude to more than 3 orders of magnitude. Carbon isotope ratio measurements of atropine as a model compound have been performed analysing between 1 μg to 5 mg C with acceptable to excellent precision (0.6 to 0.06 per thousand, delta-notation). The correction due to the blank signal is critical for sample amounts smaller than 4 μg C. The maximum sample weight is determined by the combustion capacity of the EA. Larger sample amounts are measured using dilution of a small part of the EA effluent with helium. The dilution mechanism works virtually free of isotope fractionation. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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