排序方式: 共有34条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Band broadening related to laminar flow and spray chamber dead volume is a potential problem in flow injection (FI)-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We studied these two dispersion effects with a sheath flow capillary electrophoresis (CE)-ICP-MS interface. A numerical model was used to simulate advection diffusion processes in the CE-capillary and dispersion in the spray chamber. Experimental results of FI with this CE-ICP-MS interface agree well with numerical modeling results. Dispersion due to laminar flow depends strongly on capillary diameter and analyte diffusion coefficient and to a lesser extent on laminar velocity and capillary length and typically amounts to one order of magnitude peak width increase. Three spray chambers of 5, 20 and 150 ml dead volume showed an increase in band broadening and peak tailing with increasing dead volume. The use of standard Scott-type spray chambers (>90 ml volume) increases peak widths by 5-10 s regardless of injection time. The use of a low dead volume spray chamber is recommended for experiments where resolution is critical. The modeling approach can be extended to the coupling of other flow injection techniques, like micro-LC and nano-LC with ICP-MS. 相似文献
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A new, vectorial approach to fast correlation attacks on binary memoryless combiners is proposed. Instead of individual input sequences or their linear combinations, the new attack is targeting subsets of input sequences as a whole thus exploiting the full correlation between the chosen subset and the output sequence. In particular, the set of all the input sequences can be chosen as the target. The attack is based on a novel iterative probabilistic algorithm which is also applicable to general memoryless combiners over finite fields or finite rings. To illustrate the effectiveness of the introduced approach, experimental results obtained for random balanced combining functions are presentedMost of this work was done while he was with Rome CryptoDesign Center, Gemplus, Italy 相似文献
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The motion of a holonomic scleronomic non-conservative mechanicalsystem with minimal dissipation is considered. As applicationsof the theory several problems are studied in detail. 相似文献
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A Mukherjee M Dasgupta DJ Hinde CR Morton AC Berriman RD Butt JO Newton H Timmers 《Pramana》2001,57(1):195-198
Fusion cross-sections for the 7Li + 12C reaction have been measured at energies above the Coulomb barrier by the direct detection of evaporation residues. The heavy
evaporation residues with energies below 3 MeV could not be separated out from the α-particles in the spectrum and hence their
contribution was estimated using statistical model calculations. The present work indicates that suppression of fusion cross-sections
due to the breakup of 7Li may not be significant for 7Li + 12C reaction at energies around the barrier. 相似文献
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The alternating step generator is a well-known keystream generator consisting of two stop/go clocked LFSRs, LFSR1 and LFSR2, whose clocks are controlled by another LFSR, LFSR3, which is clocked regularly. A probabilistic analysis of this generator is conducted which shows that the posterior probabilites of individual bits of the first derivatives of the regularly clocked LFSR1 and LFSR2 sequences, when conditioned on a given segment of the first derivative of the keystream sequence, can be computed efficiently in a number of probabilistic models of interest. The expected values of these probabilities, for a random keystream sequence, are derived by an approximate theoretical analysis and are also verified by systematic computer experiments. It is pointed out that these posterior probabilities can be enhanced in a resynchronization scenario and thus used for a low-complexity fast correlation attack on the two LFSRs. More generally, it is argued that even without resynchronization these probabilities may be significantly different from one half for fast correlation attacks based on iterative decoding algorithms to be successful, although with incresead complexity. A related method for computing the posterior probabilities of individual bits of the LFSR3 sequence, when conditioned on both the keystream sequence and the LFSR1 and LFSR2 sequences, is also developed. As these posterior probabilities are much more different from one half, they can be used for a low-complexity fast correlation attack on LFSR3, provided that the initial states of LFSR1 and LFSR2 are previously reconstructed. 相似文献
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Bruins EE Bauer TS den Bok HW Duif CP van Hoek WC de Lange DJ Misiejuk A Papandreou Z Sichtermann EP Tjon JA Willering HW Yeomans DM Reike H Durek D Frommberger F Gothe R Jakob D Kranefeld G Kunz C Leiendecker N Pfeiffer G Putsch H Reichelt T Schoch B Wacker D Wehrmeister D Wilhelm M Jans E Konijn J de Vries R Furget C Voutier E Arenhövel H 《Physical review letters》1995,75(1):21-24