Numerical analysis of finite amplitude motion of waves and a moored floating body under severe storm conditions

The motion of a moored floating body under the action of wave forces, which is influenced by fluid forces, shape of the floating body and mooring forces, should be analysed as a complex coupled motion system. Especially under severe storm conditions or resonant motion of the floating body it is necessary to consider finite amplitude motions of the waves, the floating body and the mooring lines as well as non-linear interactions of these finite amplitude motions. The problem of a floating body has been studied on the basis of linear wave theory by many researchers. However, the finite amplitude motion under a correlated motion system has rarely been taken into account. This paper presents a numerical method for calculating the finite amplitude motion when a floating body is moored by non-linear mooring lines such as chains and cables under severe storm conditions.     

Solvent free synthesis of polyaniline-clay nanocomposites from mechanochemically intercalated anilinium fluoride

Nanocomposites consisting of conducting polyaniline and clay minerals were successfully synthesized from mechanochemically intercalated anilinium fluoride; the nanocomposites prepared by the mechanochemical intercalation method contained much more polyaniline in the clay layers than those prepared by a conventional solution method.     

Superstructures of donor packing arrangements in a series of molecular charge transfer salts

Three conducting BEDT-TTF charge-transfer salts with tris(oxalato)metallate anions have unit cells containing both[small alpha] and [small beta][double prime] donor packing motifs.     

Recent progress of on-line sample preconcentration techniques in microchip electrophoresis

This review highlights recent developments and applications of on-line sample preconcentration techniques to enhance the detection sensitivity in microchip electrophoresis (MCE); references are mainly from 2008 and later. Among various developed techniques, we focus on the sample preconcentration based on the changes in the migration velocity of analytes in two or three discontinuous solutions system, since they can provide the sensitivity enhancement with relatively easy experimental procedures and short analysis times. The characteristic features of the on-line sample preconcentration applied to microchip electrophoresis (MCE) are presented, categorized on the basis of "field strength-" or "chemically" induced changes in the migration velocity. The preconcentration techniques utilizing field strength-induced changes in the velocity include field-amplified sample stacking, isotachophoresis and transient-isotachophoresis, whereas those based on chemically induced changes in the velocity are sweeping, transient-trapping and dynamic pH junction.     

Density functional theory investigation of novel Eu(III) complexes with asymmetric bis(phosphine) oxides

Recently, we have developed novel Eu(III) complexes with three beta-diketonates and one asymmetric bis(phosphine) oxide whose light emission intensity is drastically increased. In this paper, one of these complexes is investigated by the density functional theory calculation. Sixteen isomers of this complex have been considered. The ratio of the existence for the most stable isomer (B1_1a) is found to be about 51%, and the sum of the ratio of the existence for the six most stable isomers (B1_1a, B1_3a, B1_8a, B1_2a, B1_1b, and B1_5a) is about 100%, assuming the Boltzmann distribution (T = 300 K). The coordination structures of the six most stable isomers in the ground states are similar, and we can expect asymmetric ligand fields for them, favorable for the efficient light emission. Vertical excitation energies and oscillator strengths for each isomer have been obtained by the time-dependent density functional theory. With the red-shift of the wavelength and the interpolation by Gaussian convolution, both the calculated absorption spectra for the most stable isomer B1_1a and the calculated absorption spectra for the ensemble average of the isomers are found to be similar to the experimental fluorescence excitation spectra. The efficiency of energy transfer from the triplet excited state to the Eu(III) ion is considered by calculating DeltaEET (difference between the adiabatic excitation energy of the complex for the lowest triplet state and the emission energy of the Eu(III) ion for 5D0 to 7F2). The characters for the lowest triplet states for the isomers are investigated by the spin density distributions of the triplet states.     

Synthesis of glutamate by reductive amination of 2-oxoglutarate with the combination of hydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase

Glutamate synthesis by reductive amination of 2-oxoglutarate was performed by the combination of NADH regeneration system and glutamate dehydrogenase (GluDH). The conversion of 2-oxoglutamate to glutamate was 98% after 3 h, and the turnover number of NAD⁺was 17.     

Effect of included guest molecules on the normal state conductivity and superconductivity of beta''-(ET)(4)[(H(3)O)Ga(C(2)O(4))(3)].G (G = pyridine,nitrobenzene)

Normal state conductivity and superconductivity together with bulk magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements have been measured for two molecular charge-transfer salts: beta' '-(ET)4[(H3O)Ga(C2O4)3]G (ET = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene, G = pyridine for compound I and nitrobenzene for compound II). With the exception of the included guest molecules (G) the crystal structures are almost identical. Both show minima in their electrical transport at 130 K for I and at 160 K for II, but at lower temperatures their behaviors differ markedly. The resistance of I reaches a maximum at 50 K with a further small peak at 2 K and possible superconductivity only below 2 K, whereas that of II increases continuously down to 7.5 K, where an abrupt transition to a superconducting state occurs.     

Open-loop and closed-loop control of dissociative ionization of ethanol in intense laser fields

The relative yield of the C-O bond breaking with respect to the C-C bond breaking in ethanol cation C2H5OH+ is maximized in intense laser fields (10(13)-10(15) Wcm2) by open-loop and closed-loop optimization procedures. In the open-loop optimization, a train of intense laser pulses are synthesized so that the temporal separation between the first and last pulses becomes 800 fs, and the number and width of the pulses within a train are systematically varied. When the duration of 800 fs is filled with laser fields by increasing the number of pulses or by stretching all pulses in a triple pulse train, the relative yield of the C-O bond breaking becomes significantly large. In the closed-loop optimization using a self-learning algorithm, the four dispersion coefficients or the phases of 128 frequency components of an intense laser pulse are adopted as optimized parameters. From these optimization experiments it is revealed that the yield ratio of the C-O bond breaking is maximized as far as the total duration of the intense laser field reaches as long as approximately 1 ps and that the intermittent disappearance of the laser field within a pulse does not affect the relative yields of the bond breaking pathways.