Zur Realisierbarkeit der Darstellungen der 3-dimensionalen Drehgruppe

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Identification and structural characterization of the synthetic cannabinoid 3‐(1‐adamantoyl)‐1‐pentylindole as an additive in ‘herbal incense’

Since the end of 2010, more than 20 synthetic cannabimimetics have been identified in ‘Spice’ products, demonstrating the enormous dynamic in this field. In an effort to cope with the problem, many countries have already undertaken legal measures by putting some of these compounds under control. Nevertheless, once a number of compounds were scheduled, they were soon replaced by other synthetic cannabinoids. In this article, we report the identification of a new – and due to its substitution pattern rather uncommon – cannabimimetic found in several ‘herbal incense’ products. The GC–EI mass spectrum first led to misidentification as the alpha‐methyl‐derivative of JWH‐250. However, since both substances show different retention indices, thin‐layer chromatography was used to isolate the unknown compound. After application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high‐resolution MS and GC–MS/MS techniques, the compound was identified as 3‐(1‐adamantoyl)‐1‐pentylindole, a derivative of JWH‐018 carrying an adamantoyl moiety instead of a naphthoyl group. This finding supports that the listing of synthetic cannabinoids as prohibited substances triggers the appearance of compounds with uncommon substituents. Moreover, it emphasizes the necessity of being aware of the risk of misidentification when using techniques sometimes providing only limited structural information like GC–MS. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthese,Struktur und Phasenumwandlung von Te4[AsF6]2·SO2

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Solid State Phase Transition of Te₄[AsF₆]₂·SO₂ The oxidation of tellurium with AsF₅ in liquid SO₂ yields Te₄²⁺[AsF₆^—]₂ which can be crystallized from the solution in form of dark red crystals as the SO₂ solvate. The crystals are very sensitive against air and easily lose SO₂, so handling under SO₂ atmosphere or cooling is required. The crystal structure was determined at ambient temperature, at 153 K, and at 98 K. Above 127 K Te₄[AsF₆]₂·SO₂ crystallizes orthorhombic (Pnma, a = 899.2(1), b = 978.79(6), c = 1871.61(1) pm, V = 1647.13(2)·10⁶pm³ at 297 K, Z = 4). The structure consists of square‐planar Te₄²⁺ ions (Te‐Te 266 pm), octahedral [AsF₆]^— ions and of SO₂ molecules which coordinate the Te₄ rings with their O atoms in bridging positions over the edges of the square. At room temperature one of the two crystallographically independent [AsF₆]^— ions shows rotational disorder which on cooling to 153 K is not completely resolved. At 127 K Te₄[AsF₆]₂·SO₂ undergoes a solid state phase transition into a monoclinic structure (P112₁/a, a = 866.17(8), b = 983.93(5), c = 1869.10(6) pm, γ = 96.36(2)°, V = 1554, 2(2)·10⁶ pm³ at 98 K, Z = 4). All [AsF₆]^— ions are ordered in the low temperature form. Despite a direct supergroup‐subgroup relationship exists between the space groups, the phase transition is of first order with discontinuous changes in the lattice parameters. The phase transition is accompanied by crystal twinning. The main difference between the two structures lies in the different coordination of the Te₄²⁺ ion by O and F atoms of neighbored SO₂ and [AsF₆]^— molecules.