Simultaneous determination of geniposide and its metabolites genipin and genipinine in culture of Aspergillus niger by HPLC

When cultivated with Aspergillus niger, geniposide, an important drug, is transformed into genipin and genipinine. A simple and rapid HPLC method for simultaneous determination of geniposide and its two metabolites in broth of A. niger is described. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 ODS column (250 x 4.6 mm) by gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile as the gradient mixtures. The flow rate was 1 mL/min, the detection wavelength was 238 nm and the column temperature was kept at 28 degrees C. The retention times of geniposide, genipin and genipinine were 10.9, 13.8 and 21.5 min, respectively. The mean absolute recoveries of three analysts were over 98%. Quantification limits were 0.01 microg/mL for geniposide and 0.02 microg/mL for the two metabolites. The method was applied for the quantification of geniposide, genipin and genipinine during fermentation and the evaluation of the bioavailabilities of these three compounds in Caco-2 monolayer.     

Enantioselective Separation of Basic Drugs by CE with Polygalacturonic Acid as a Novel Chiral Selector

Polygalacturonic acid, a linear high molecular weight homopolysaccharide was investigated as a chiral selector in capillary zone electrophoresis for the separation of enantiomers of basic drugs. The choices of running buffer pH and concentration of chiral selector were found to be important for the improvement of enantioselectivity. The effects of background electrolyte concentration and the capillary temperature on the separation were also examined. Enantioseparations were carried out in the acidic conditions using 1.5% polygalacturonic acid (w/v) in a 40 mM phosphate buffer under an applied voltage of 15 kV. The optimization of these separations was dependent on the nature of the analytes and could be achieved by the proper choice of experimental conditions. A brief mechanism of enantiorecognition by polygalacturonic acid was also given.

     

Enantioselective Separation of Basic Drugs by CE with Polygalacturonic Acid as a Novel Chiral Selector

Polygalacturonic acid, a linear high molecular weight homopolysaccharide was investigated as a chiral selector in capillary zone electrophoresis for the separation of enantiomers of basic drugs. The choices of running buffer pH and concentration of chiral selector were found to be important for the improvement of enantioselectivity. The effects of background electrolyte concentration and the capillary temperature on the separation were also examined. Enantioseparations were carried out in the acidic conditions using 1.5% polygalacturonic acid (w/v) in a 40 mM phosphate buffer under an applied voltage of 15 kV. The optimization of these separations was dependent on the nature of the analytes and could be achieved by the proper choice of experimental conditions. A brief mechanism of enantiorecognition by polygalacturonic acid was also given.     

Synthesis and UV shielding properties of zinc oxide ultrafine particles modified with silica and trimethyl siloxane

This paper introduces a kind of ZnO ultrafine particles modified with silica and trimethyl siloxane (TMS). Thus zinc carbonate hydroxide (ZCH) as the precursor of ZnO was synthesized using chemical precipitation method, and the precursor was modified in situ with silica and TMS. The modified ZnO ultrafine particles were obtained after calcinating the modified precursors. The surface properties of the modified ZnO ultrafine particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of the modifiers on the photocatalytic activity and UV shielding ability of ZnO ultrafine particles were also investigated and discussed.     

Evaluation of the enantioselectivity of glycogen-based dual chiral selector systems towards basic drugs in capillary electrophoresis

Several chiral reagents including cyclodextrins (CDs) and derivatives, crown ethers, proteins, chiral surfactants and polymers have been involved in dual selector systems for enantioseparation of a series of chiral compounds by capillary electrophoresis (CE). In comparison to the chiral reagents above-mentioned, there is no report concerning the use of polysaccharides in dual chiral CE system. In this paper we first investigate the enantioselectivity of polysaccharide-based dual selector systems towards some chiral drugs. During our recent work, glycogen belonging to the class of branched polysaccharides has been used as a novel chiral selector in CE. In this study, three glycogen-based dual chiral CE systems have been established for enantiomeric separations of several racemic basic drugs consisting of duloxetine, cetirizine, citalopram, sulconazole, laudanosine, amlodipine, propranolol, atenolol and nefopam. These three dual systems combined glycogen (neutral polysaccharide) with chondroitin sulfate A (CSA, ionic polysaccharide), β-CD and HP-β-CD, respectively. It was found that the dual system of glycogen/CSA exhibited good enantioselective properties toward the tested drugs. More importantly, compared to the single selector systems, synergistic effect was observed when glycogen was used with CSA for most of the analytes. This indicated the enhancement of enantioseparation observed for these analytes in glycogen/CSA system might be due to some favorable interaction effects between glycogen and CSA. Moreover, in order to evaluate the stereoselectivity of glycogen/CSA, the influences of buffer pH and selector concentration on enantioseparation of the studied drugs were also investigated.     

Formulation and evaluation of celastrol-loaded liposomes

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the intestinal absorption and the antineoplastic effect of the poorly water-soluble drug celastrol when liposomes were used as oral drug delivery system. Liposomes were prepared by the ethanol-injection method. An optimized liposome formulation composed of phospholipid, cholesterol and Tween-80 resulted in favorable encapsulation efficiency at 98.06 ± 0.94%. Homogeneous and stable particle size of 89.6 ± 7.3 nm and zeta potential of -(87.7 ± 5.8) mV were determined by laser particle size analyzer. Subsequently, the four-site perfusion rat intestinal model revealed that celastrol-loaded liposomes had improved effective permeability compared to the free drug in four intestinal segments (p < 0.05). Moreover, celastrol-loaded liposomes could also inhibit the tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice. These results suggest that liposomes could be a promising perioral carrier for celastrol.     

SiO2负载的TiO2光催化剂可见光催化降解染料污染物

 采用酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2负载的TiO2光催化剂,考察了制备条件对负载型TiO2光催化剂的晶相、结构、比表面积和可见光催化活性的影响. 结果表明,采用SiO2为载体时,TiO2以纳米颗粒的形态分散在载体表面,负载型TiO2/SiO2催化剂的比表面积大、等电点低而且热稳定性能良好. 偶氮染料酸性橙7的可见光催化降解实验结果表明,染料污染物在催化剂表面的吸附是影响催化剂可见光催化活性的重要因素. 与试剂TiO2样品相比,负载型TiO2/SiO2光催化剂具有更好的光催化活性和沉降性能.     

Glycogen: A novel branched polysaccharide chiral selector in CE

Various chiral selectors have been employed in CE and among them linear polysaccharides exhibited powerful enantioselective properties. Different from linear polysaccharides, the use of branched polysaccharides as chiral selectors in CE has not been reported previously. In this study glycogen belonging to the class of branched polysaccharides was used as a novel chiral selector for the enantiomeric separations for the first time. Since glycogen is electrically neutral, the method is applicable to ionic compounds. Eighteen chiral compounds including 12 basic drugs and six acidic drugs have been tested to demonstrate the potential of this chiral selector. BGE and selector concentrations and buffer pH were systematically optimized in order to obtain successful chiral separations. Among the tested compounds, the enantiomers of ibuprofen, which is an acidic drug, were successfully recognized by 3.0% w/v glycogen with 90 mM Tris‐H₃PO₄ buffer (pH 7.0). The enantiomers of basic drugs such as citalopram, cetirizine and nefopam were also baseline‐resolved with 50 mM Tris‐H₃PO₄ buffer (pH 3.0) containing 3.0% glycogen. Amlodipine belonging to basic compound only gave partial enantioseparation under the above‐mentioned condition.     

微环境对龙游石窟粉砂岩风化的影响

本文通过龙游石窟2号洞离洞口较近的洞内围岩的风化程度比离洞口较远的洞内围岩的风化程度更为严重的事实来论证微环境对粉砂岩风化的影响。为了描述围岩风化的严重程度,利用橡皮泥压模法对龙游石窟2号洞洞口附近围岩和洞内围岩的凿痕深度进行了量测。量测结果表明,洞内围岩凿痕的最大高差和最大起伏度的平均值分别为10.2mm和0.43。与之相比,洞口附近围岩凿痕的相应值都较小,分别为8.0mm和0.35。以上数据说明洞口围岩凿痕的风化深度较大,粗糙程度较小,被"磨平"的趋势更严重。作者认为, 2号洞洞口附近和洞内的微环境差异(主要包括降水、温度、光照和苔藓等)造成了上述围岩风化程度的差异。     

淫羊藿炮制前后UPLC-PDA-MS 的指纹图谱研究

建立了朝鲜淫羊藿和柔毛淫羊藿药材的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)指纹图谱分析方法, 实验结果表明, 两个品种的指纹图谱差别较大, 朝鲜淫羊藿标出35 个共有峰, 质谱鉴定了26 个峰, 柔毛淫羊藿标出13 个共有峰, 质谱鉴定了9个峰; 研究了朝鲜淫羊藿和柔毛淫羊藿炮制前后UPLC 指纹图谱的变化规律, 指纹图谱发生了五处变化. 该法快速、简便, 重现性好, 从整体上显示淫羊藿药材和炮制品的特征, 为淫羊藿的生品和炮制品的质量控制提供了有效手段.