二维渗流相关长度ξ(p)的幂估计(英文)

相关长度ξ(p)是渗流理论中最重要的一个量。本文对它给出了一个幂估计     

STABILITY NUMBER IN SUBCLASSES OF P5-FREE GRAPHS

Two new hereditary classes of P5-free graphs where the stability number can be found in polynomial time are proposed. They generalize several known results.     

Fluorinated Azobenzenes Switchable with Red Light

Molecular photoswitches triggered with red or NIR light are optimal for photomodulation of complex biological systems, including efficient penetration of the human body for therapeutic purposes (“therapeutic window”). Yet, they are rarely reported, and even more rarely functional under aqueous conditions. In this work, fluorinated azobenzenes are shown to exhibit efficient E→Z photoisomerization with red light (PSS_660nm >75 % Z) upon conjugation with unsaturated substituents. Initially demonstrated for aldehyde groups, this effect was also observed in a more complex structure by incorporating the chromophore into a cyclic dipeptide with propensity for self-assembly. Under physiological conditions, the latter molecule formed a supramolecular material that reversibly changed its viscosity upon irradiation with red light. Our observation can lead to design of new photopharmacology agents or phototriggered materials for in vivo use.     

Protection‐Group‐Free Synthesis of Sequence‐Defined Macromolecules via Precision λ‐Orthogonal Photochemistry

An advanced light‐induced avenue to monodisperse sequence‐defined linear macromolecules via a unique photochemical protocol is presented that does not require any protection‐group chemistry. Starting from a symmetrical core unit, precision macromolecules with molecular weights up to 6257.10 g mol^?1 are obtained via a two‐monomer system: a monomer unit carrying a pyrene functionalized visible light responsive tetrazole and a photo‐caged UV responsive diene, enabling an iterative approach for chain growth; and a monomer unit equipped with a carboxylic acid and a fumarate. Both light‐induced chain growth reactions are carried out in a λ‐orthogonal fashion, exciting the respective photosensitive group selectively and thus avoiding protecting chemistry. Characterization of each sequence‐defined chain (size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC), high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), and NMR spectroscopy), confirms the precision nature of the macromolecules.     

Spectroscopic studies on polymeric cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes with bridging succinonitrile and succinonitrile isotopomer ligands

A series of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes were synthesized using succinonitrile and its [1,4-13C2], [15N2]-, [2,2,3,3-2H4]- and [1,4-13C,-2,2,3,3-2H4]- isotopomers as bridging ligands. Spectroscopic studies, as well as X-ray powder diffraction profiles, were used to identify the nature of the octahedral coordination sphere of the central metal ions and to assign the vibrational spectra in full detail. The succinonitrile ligands were found to be in trans configuration in all the complexes studied and to be coordinated via the lone pairs of their nitrile nitrogens. The rule of mutual exclusion was found to be fulfilled for the succinonitrile ligands under the Ci symmetry of the complexes and the vibrations of the succinonitrile ligands were found to appear in either the infrared or the Raman spectra. All succinonitrile isotopomers exhibited blue-shifts of 43-71 cm(-1) upon coordination, while most of the other vibrations remained unchanged or underwent small shifts of only a few wavenumbers. The mass differences of the succinonitrile isotopomers were found to shift mainly the vibrations of the respective affected part of the molecules in comparison with the normal succinonitrile. The exchange of the halides, which are coordinated to the central metal ion, was also found to influence the vibrations of the associated water molecules and we could identify vibrational bands arising due to the H-bond interaction between the halides and the water molecules. Finally, we showed that all complexes under consideration have, spectroscopically, the same symmetry.     

Routes to New Aromatic Polycarbonates with Special Material Properties

Polycarbonate together with the acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymers, and the poly amides constitute the leading groups of engineering thermoplastics; for polycarbonate in particular, continued dynamic growth is prophesized. The underlying reason for this lies not only in its outstanding combination of technical properties and excellent price/performance balance, but also in the chemical and physical potential inherent in the basic structure of polycarbonate. The following review demonstrates with examples how this potential can be used in the development of new polycarbonates through the incorporation of alternative monomers, changes in the linear structure, end group variation, addition of special additives, and blending. The main emphasis of this articles lies in the development of polycarbonates resistant to high temperature, with a good balance of technologically valuable properties. For scientific and practical interests a new criterion is offered for polycarbonates having both high-temperature stability and impact strength. “One must not only make a discovery, but also realize that a discovery has been made.” Hermann Schnell [1]     

循环流化床气固曳力模型

气固曳力是稠密气固两相流动,尤其是垂直流动中的主要作用力,相应的模型也是数值模拟中准确描述气固两相运动的关键.为了解决现有经验或半经验模型的普适性问题,合理描述流动中经常发生的颗粒团聚现象及其对气固曳力的影响,从理论分析入手,运用最小能量的概念,将传统的CFD方法与宏观的系统分析方法相结合,建立了一个新的计及颗粒团聚效应的气固曳力理论模型.与现有模型相比,新模型不仅具有相同的函数变化关系,可合理地描述气固两相相互作用的物理过程,而且避免了以往经验系数不准确导致的各种误差,为稠密气固两相流动的数值描述提供了重要依据.     

The vibrational spectra of [15N2]-succinonitrile

For the first time, the infrared and Raman spectra of [15N2]-succinonitrile are presented and discussed in detail. Assignments of the vibrational bands of its two rotational conformers gauche and trans, respectively, have been made for both infrared and Raman spectra. The assignments were based on a recent ab-initio force field calculation for succinonitrile, taking into account the vibrational frequencies of other succinonitrile isotopomers. There are differences in the frequencies of the vibrational bands due to the mass increase in the cyanide groups, which have been analysed in depth.