Enzyme Free Electrochemiluminescence Sensor of Histamine Based on Graphite-carbon Nitride Nanosheets

The determination of histamine as one of the most important seafood poisoning compounds is essential nowadays. This paper reports a simple novel ECL sensor with g−C₃N₄ nanosheets (NSs) as an effective signal probe for the measurement of histamine without using any enzymatic reactions or complicated modifications. The ECL response of the sensor was linearly proportional to the concentration of histamine ranging from 1.0×10⁻⁷ to 7.5×10⁻⁴ mol/L, with a detection limit of 4.30×10⁻⁸ mol/L (R²=0.98401). The relative standard deviation (RSD) in repeatability and reproducibility tests were calculated to be 4.7 % and 3.6 % respectively. The presented sensor was successfully applied to the determination of histamine in canned tuna fish samples where it gave recoveries that ranged from 99.72 % to 101.96 % indicating that the method presented here is sensitive with high precision and is expected to have significant potential applications in clinical and the freshness quality of seafood.