全文获取类型
收费全文 | 642篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 393篇 |
晶体学 | 6篇 |
力学 | 10篇 |
数学 | 79篇 |
物理学 | 171篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 18篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 33篇 |
2012年 | 32篇 |
2011年 | 37篇 |
2010年 | 27篇 |
2009年 | 18篇 |
2008年 | 35篇 |
2007年 | 25篇 |
2006年 | 32篇 |
2005年 | 37篇 |
2004年 | 22篇 |
2003年 | 25篇 |
2002年 | 23篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
1943年 | 6篇 |
1931年 | 3篇 |
1922年 | 2篇 |
1880年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有659条查询结果,搜索用时 116 毫秒
1.
A self-consistent model of the development of dendrites and partial discharges in a dielectric solid under a variable voltage
is suggested. Dendrites originate at sites with the enhanced local field strength and also where the dielectric is broken
down under the action of partial discharges. The numerical simulation is used to quantitatively describe the space-time dynamics
of the dendrites and partial discharges in epoxy resin for the tip-plane electrode configuration. The simulated data are compared
with electrical measurements of partial discharges and with optical images of dendrite growth under the same conditions. 相似文献
2.
3.
In order to determine the energetic driving forces for surface segregation in bimetallic clusters, we use a combined approach coupling numerical simulations within an N-body interatomic potential and a lattice-gas model. This approach, which has been used successfully to study both the superficial segregation in semi-infinite alloys and the intergranular segregation, allows us to determine the relative contributions of the three elementary driving forces for the different sites of the cluster surface (vertices, edges and facets) in both dilute limits for the Cu-Ag system. We show that the segregation hierarchy based on broken-bond arguments (preferential segregation to the vertex sites, less to edge sites, and least to facet sites) is not at all universal. In particular, unusual hierarchies are predicted when the sizes of the constituents are strongly different. Furthermore, we compare the segregation driving forces for cubo-octahedral and icosahedral clusters. They are similar for the vertex sites and edge sites, whereas they differ significantly for the sites of the triangular facets. The segregation of the species with the largest atomic radius (Ag) is indeed largely enhanced in the icosahedral structure due to dilations of the orthoradial distances. 相似文献
4.
P. Schwab A. Kochemasov R. Kullmer D. Bäuerle 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1992,54(2):166-169
Pulsed-laser deposition of YBa2Cu3O7 in N2O permits lowering of the substrate temperature with respect to deposition in O2 atmosphere. Additional photodissociation of N2O near the substrate surface deteriorates the superconducting properties of deposited films.On leave from: Institute of Applied Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, SU-603600 Nishni Nowgorod, USSR 相似文献
5.
C. Donzaud S. Czajkowski P. Armbruster M. Bernas C. Böckstiegel P. Dessagne H. Geissel E. Hanelt A. Heinz C. Kozhuharov C. Miehé G. Münzenberg M. Pfützner W. Schwab C. Stéphan K. Sümmerer L. Tassan-Got B. Voss 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》1998,1(4):407-426
Projectile fission of 750 AMeV 238U-ions interacting with a Pb target was studied by means of the spectrometer FRS, GSI-Darmstadt. One of the two fission fragments
was detected with a transmission of few percent and identified in mass and charge. Low-energy fission (E* < 25 MeV) events were selected by their magnetic rigidity. Whereas the production of asymmetric fission events is dominated
by the GDR excitation, very asymmetric fission and symmetric fission take place after a GQR or DGDR excitation or after a
nuclear interaction. Cross sections of more than 250 isotopes were measured. Isotopic distributions of low-energy fission
were reconstructed for elements from Se to Te. The fission modes SI, SII and SL were clearly shown in these distributions
and in the mass and TKE distributions. Charge polarization and mass dispersion were deduced for each fission mode. Finally,
the characteristics of the low-energy fission process explain the production rates of neutron-rich species.
Received: 14 July 1997 / Revised version: 6 October 1997 相似文献
6.
tert-Butyl 2-hydroxyalkyl sulfides, prepared by reaction of epoxides with 2-methylpropane-2-thiol, are converted directly to 1,3-oxathiolanes upon treatment with pivalaldehyde and boron trifluoride diethyl etherate in the presence of thioanisole. 相似文献
7.
We describe a convergent synthesis of eight 1,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-substituted benzene derivatives with long rigid arms containing 4-pyridyl, 2,2'-bipyridyl, and 2,2'-bipyrimidyl termini, meant to be used as trigonal or tetragonal connectors for the construction of large molecular structures. The synthesis involved copper-free Pd-mediated coupling of terminal acetylenes to aryl halides. First, one of the termini of 1,3-diethynylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane was coupled with a brominated aza heterocycle, and second, 3 equiv of the resulting extended arm were coupled with 1,3,5-triiodobenzene or 4 with 1,2,4,5-tetraiodobenzene. An improved large-scale synthesis for 1,3-diethynylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane is described. The structures of two of the arms were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Several long molecular rods with 4-pyridyl termini were obtained as byproducts, and a single-crystal X-ray structure is reported for the shortest of these. 相似文献
8.
Erwin Gtschi Christian-Johannes Jenny Peter Reindl Fabienne Ricklin 《Helvetica chimica acta》1996,79(8):2219-2234
A total synthesis of cyclothialidine ( 1 ), a new DNA gyrase inhibitor isolated from Streptomyces filipinensis, is described. The synthetic concept was tested by preparing the lactone 13 (Scheme 2) which contains the characteristic bicyclic core entity of 1 . Key features of the synthesis of 1 are: preparation of 3,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzoic acid ( 23 ) from 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid ( 19 ) by two consecutive Mannich aminomethylation/hydrogenation sequences; benzylic N-bromosuccinimide bromination of an ester derivative 25 thereof and its subsequent coupling with Boc-Ser-Cys-OMe ( 11 ); cyclization of the ω-hydroxy acid 29 29 to the 12-membered lactone 30 using preferably Mitsunobu conditions; completion of the peptidic side chains of 1 using Boc strategy (Scheme 4). Optically pure cis-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-hydroxy-L -proline ((–)- 14 ) was obtained by resolution of the racemate via an efficient reaction sequence containing a lipase-catalyzed enantiospecific acetate hydrolysis (Scheme 3). The structure of natural 1 was confirmed by comparison with the synthetic material. The synthetic route described provides also easy access to analogues of 1 , e.g., via the intermediate 30 . 相似文献
9.
Preparation and physical and chemical properties of 3-ethinyl-2,4-diformyl-pentandial (3 a) and its salts are described.3 a contains 2 malonaldehyde groups. Starting from3 a, 4H-pyranes, 4H-dihydropyridines, dipyrazoles, diisoxazoles, bisdiazepines and vinamidine derivates are obtained.
Mit 1 Abbildung 相似文献
Mit 1 Abbildung 相似文献
10.
Colour Effects in Oxidic and Other Mn2+ Compounds – the Ligand Field Spectra of Mixed Crystals MgO/MnO, CaO/MnO, and of MnAl2O4 The colour intensity and the shift of the hue is examined for mixed crystals Mg1?xMnxIIO and Mn1?yIICayO in dependence of the Mn2+-concentration and interpreted in terms of Mn2+? Mn2+ pair interactions and variations of the Mn? O bond length, respectively. The experimental band positions (sextet-quartet transitions) could be fitted quantitatively – also in case of Mn2+ in tetrahedral (MnAl2O4) and dodecahedral oxygen coordination (Mn3Al2Ge3O12, MnY2Mg2Ge3O12) – by means of crystal field calculations. The obtained ligand field parameters are discussed in comparison with data for octahedral Mn2+ ions with H2O, F? and Cl? as ligands. 相似文献