New upper limit on the total neutrino mass from the 2 degree field galaxy redshift survey

We constrain f(nu) identical with Omega(nu)/Omega(m), the fractional contribution of neutrinos to the total mass density in the Universe, by comparing the power spectrum of fluctuations derived from the 2 Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey with power spectra for models with four components: baryons, cold dark matter, massive neutrinos, and a cosmological constant. Adding constraints from independent cosmological probes we find f(nu)<0.13 (at 95% confidence) for a prior of 0.1相似文献   

Investigation of a Thin‐film Quasi‐reference Electrode Fabricated by Combined Sputtering‐evaporation Approach

This paper presents the development of a thin‐film quasi‐reference electrode (tQRE), which was fabricated by sputtering silver (Ag) on a conducting gold layer. The Ag layer was subsequently covered by silver chloride (AgCl) with the aid of e‐beam evaporation. The functionality of the tQREs as reliable reference electrodes was confirmed by observing the potential response in solutions with various chloride ion concentrations. The influence of solution pH on the potential change of the tQREs was evaluated. In the solution with controlled ionic strength, the tQREs were able to provide stable and consistent potential outputs. Experimental investigation of the electrochemical sensors with integrated tQREs demonstrated potential applicability of the tQREs to be incorporated into miniaturized and disposable lab‐on‐a‐chip sensors for point‐of‐care/in‐situ measurements.     

Simultaneous separation and quantitation of the major bovine whey proteins including proteose peptone and caseinomacropeptide by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on polystyrene-divinylbenzene

A precise, sensitive and reliable RP-HPLC method was developed to enable not only unequivocal determination of alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin in bovine whey samples, but also simultaneous measurement of proteose peptone, caseinomacropeptide, bovine serum albumin and immunoglobulin G. The optimised method on the Resource RPC column allowed separation of the proteins in 30 min and could be applied to the analysis of soluble proteins in a variety of commercial and laboratory whey products. Furthermore, some qualitative information on protein heterogeneity and quality could be derived from the RP-HPLC analyses with additional data available from on-line electrospray mass spectrometry. Within- and between-day repeatability over a wide range of concentrations was excellent (RSD< or =5%) for all proteins except immunoglobulin G and bovine serum albumin where RSD was 7-10%. Analysis of grouped data from whey protein concentrate and whey protein isolate samples gave a limit of detection of < or =0.3% powder mass and a limit of quantitation of < or =1.0% powder mass for all proteins except immunoglobulin G. Limits of detection and quantitation were 0.6% and 2.0%, respectively, for this protein. Quantitative data obtained by the RP-HPLC method compared very favourably with data obtained by alternative methods of whey protein analysis.     

Iridium(III) Sensitisers and Energy Upconversion: The Influence of Ligand Structure upon TTA-UC Performance

Six substituted ligands based upon 2-(naphthalen-1-yl)quinoline-4-carboxylate and 2-(naphthalen-2-yl)quinoline-4-carboxylate have been synthesised in two steps from a range of commercially available isatin derivatives. These species are shown to be effective cyclometallating ligands for Ir^III, yielding complexes of the form [Ir(C^N)₂(bipy)]PF₆ (where C^N=cyclometallating ligand; bipy=2,2′-bipyridine). X-ray crystallographic studies on three examples demonstrate that the complexes adopt a distorted octahedral geometry wherein a cis-C,C and trans-N,N coordination mode is observed. Intraligand torsional distortions are evident in all cases. The Ir^III complexes display photoluminescence in the red part of the visible region (668–693 nm), which is modestly tuneable through the ligand structure. The triplet lifetimes of the complexes are clearly influenced by the precise structure of the ligand in each case. Supporting computational (DFT) studies suggest that the differences in observed triplet lifetime are likely due to differing admixtures of ligand-centred versus MLCT character instilled by the facets of the ligand structure. Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) measurements demonstrate that the complexes based upon the 1-naphthyl derived ligands are viable photosensitisers with upconversion quantum efficiencies of 1.6–6.7 %.