Fabrication and characterization of n-ZnO on p-SiC heterojunction diodes on 4H-SiC substrates

We report on the growth and characterization of n-ZnO/p-4H-SiC heterojunction diodes. Our n-ZnO layers were grown with radical-source molecular beam epitaxy (RS-MBE) on p-4H-SiC epilayers, which was previously prepared in a horizontal hot-wall reactor by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on the n-type 4H-SiC wafers. Details on the n-ZnO growth on 8-off 4H-SiC wafers, the quality of the layers and the nature of realized p–n structures are discussed. Mesa diode structures were fabricated. Al was sputtered through a circle mask with diameter 1 mm and annealed to form Ohmic contacts to p-SiC. Ohmic contacts to the n-ZnO were formed by 30 nm/300 nm Ti/Au sputtered by electron beam evaporation. Electrical properties of the structures obtained have been studied with Hall measurements, and current–voltage measurements (I–V). I–V measurements of the device showed good rectifying behavior, from which a turn-on voltage of about 2 V was obtained.     

Fabrication of ZnO nanorod-based p–n heterojunction on SiC substrate

Due to the special properties of ZnO and numerous envisaged areas of application of its nanostructures, much effort has been made in fabricating ZnO nanostructures. The next challenging step seems to be the processing and hence realisation of devices based on the nanostructure. We have grown ZnO nanorods of high crystal quality and good optical properties on 6H-SiC and 4H-SiC substrates. Considering the p–n junction as a basis for electronic and optoelectronic devices, we realised ohmic contacts on p-type 4H-SiC and fabricated ZnO nanorod-based p–n heterojunctions with the p-type 4H-SiC serving as the hole-conducting region. Nanorod-based p–n diodes with a turn-on voltage of 1.8 V and relatively large reverse-bias breakdown voltage were obtained, thus suggesting both the possibility of ZnO nanorod-based ultraviolet photodetectors and light-emitting devices, and the miniaturisation of device scales.     

Mixed Convection-Radiation in Power-Law Fluids Along a NOn-Isothermal Wedge in a Porous Medium with Variable Permeability

A boundary layer analysis has been presented for the interaction of mixed convection with thermal radiation in laminar boundary flow from a vertical wedge in a porous medium saturated with a power-law type non-Newtonian incorporating the variation of permeability and thermal conductivity. The transformed conservation laws are solved numerically for the case of variable surface temperature conditions. The combined convection non-similar parameter we note that =0 and 1 correspond to pure free and forced convection cases. The Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in energy equation. Velocity and temperature profiles as well as the local Nusselt number are presented.     

Particularization of α contamination using CR-39 track detectors

Solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) have found wide use in various domains of science and technology, e.g. in environmental experiments. Measurement of α activity on sources in an environment, such as air, is not easy because of the short penetration range of the α particles. Furthermore, the measurement of α activity by most gas ionization detectors suffers from the high background induced by the accompanying gamma radiation. SSNTDs have been used successfully as detecting devices as passive system to detect the α contamination of different surfaces. This work presents the response of CR-39 (for two types) to α particles from two sources, ²³⁸Pu with energy 5 MeV and ²⁴¹Am with energy 5.4 MeV. The methods of etching and counting are investigated, along with the achievable linearity, efficiency and reproducibility. The sensitivity to low activity and energy resolution are studied.     

新开花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠过程

本文利用荧光光谱和园二色光谱了新开花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠过程。结果显示：新开花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠是一个只包含天然蛋白和变性终态的二态过程,与已经报道的天花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠的过程不同。     

Effect of KOH molarity and annealing temperature on ZnO nanostructure properties

In this work, ZnO nanorods (NRs) were fabricated using a low cost chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The effect of the potassium hydroxide concentration on the fabricated ZnO nanostructures was studied in depth. The optical, structure, and surface morphology properties of the fabricated ZnO nanostructures were investigated using Uv-vis spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM. The results indicate that the formation of hexagonally structured ZnO nanorods with different lengths and diameters was dependent on the KOH concentration. The sample prepared with 2 M of KOH was the best one for optoelectronic applications, since it has the smallest diameters. This sample was annealed at different temperatures (473 K–1073 K). Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy was used to determine the defects in the ZnO nanorods. The results show that the positron mean lifetime (τ_m) decreased as the annealing temperature increased, which means that the overall defects in the ZnO nanorods decreased with increasing temperature. Consequently, higher performance semiconductor devices based on ZnO nanorods could be fabricated after high annealing of the ZnO nanorods.     

Review of nanofluids for heat transfer applications

Research on nanofluids has progressed rapidly since its enhanced thermal conductivity was first repotted about a decade ago,though much controversy and inconsistency have been reported,and insufficient understanding of the formulation and mechanism of nanofluids further limits their applications.This work presents a critical review of research on heat transfer applications of nanofluids with the aim of identifying the limiting factors so as to push forward their further development.     

CD40mAb adjuvant induces a rapid antibody response that may be beneficial in post-exposure prophylaxis

Active vaccination can be effective as a post-exposure prophylaxis, but the rapidity of the immune response induced, relative to the incubation time of the pathogen, is critical. We show here that CD40mAb conjugated to antigen induces a more rapid specific antibody response than currently used immunological adjuvants, alum and monophosphoryl lipid A™.     

Static laser light scattering (SLLS) investigations of the scattering parameters of a synthetic polymer

A laser light scattering system was built to study the scattering parameters of some materials in solution form. The light source used was an argon-ion laser at wavelength 488 nm (all lines). The investigated material was a synthetic polymer which has a wide range of applications in the field of teeth medicine applications. This is polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) which is used for the formation of artificial clamps. The PMMA was solved in both acetone and methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK). The acetone solvent is chosen for its high specific refractive index increment dn/dc at the same wavelength 488 nm as the argon laser source. The angular distribution of the scattered laser light intensities of PMMA dissolved in acetone was measured at different scattering angles from 30 to 150° for each concentration. The angular distributions have a symmetrical behavior about the scattering angle π/2; by using the scattered intensities the Zimm plot was formed. The weight average molecular weight (WAMW) was determined, the two other scattering parameters like as radius of gyration, h, and the second verial coefficient, A₂ were determined.