Comparison of rheological properties of cross-linked and thermal-mechanically degraded HDPE

Rheological properties of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) subjected to thermal-mechanical degradation were compared with those of the HDPE degraded by the addition of small quantities of peroxides as free radical initiator. The high molecular weight fraction of HDPE changes quantitatively during processing, which has a remarkable effect on the rheological properties of the material, when the MWD narrows and the HMW tail decreases. The molecular weight distribution, especially the highest molecular weight fraction, is concluded to be more important than the long chain for HDPE rheology. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

57Fe Mössbauer study of a secondary phase in FeSe1−x with a large quadrupole splitting

We have studied the hyperfine interactions in samples belonging to the Fe-Se system. Several samples with various concentrations of selenium were synthesized and investigated. The objective was to find synthesis conditions increasing the concentration of a secondary Fe-Se phase with a rather large quadrupole splitting of ~1.7 mm/s. At T _m ≈ 104 K this secondary phase undergoes a magnetic ordering.     

A 57 Fe Mössbauer study on the FeSe and Fe(Se,Te) superconductors: discontinuities in the hyperfine parameters at T c

Polycrystalline samples of FeSe_0.82 and FeSe_0.5Te_0.5 were synthesized using a solid-state reaction route. Bulk superconductivity was confirmed using SQUID magnetometry. The onset of T _c was at 8.0 K for FeSe_0.82 and 12.5 K for FeSe_0.5Te_0.5. Paramagnetic ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectra were recorded at temperatures between 5.4 and 320 K in transmission geometry. All spectra exhibited simple quadrupole splitting. For FeSe_0.5Te_0.5 a small drop in the quadrupole splitting was observed about T _c upon cooling. Additionally, for both samples the isomer shift and the total absorption started to drop around T _c , indicating a softening of the lattice. The drop is estimated to correspond to at least 60 K from the original Debye temperatures.     

Metal valences in electron-doped (Sr,La)2FeTaO6 double perovskite: A Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy study

Substitution of divalent Sr by trivalent La is found to affect the valence states of both of the two B-site cations, Fe and Ta, in the double perovskite oxide (Sr_1−xLa_x)₂FeTaO₆. Moreover, it improves the degree of order of these cations. From ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectra the average Fe valence was found to decrease with increasing La substitution level, x. However, the valence of Fe decreased less than expected if the valence of Ta was assumed to remain constant. Hence, we conclude that also the valence of Ta decreases.     

Thermodynamics of aqueous solutions of methyldiethanolamine and diisopropanolamine

The vapour–liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the systems of water + methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and water + diisopropanolamine (DIPA) was measured at several temperatures with a static total pressure apparatus. The solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) of the same systems was measured at low amine concentrations by means of two experimental methods: a visual method and a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The activity coefficients of water + MDEA were modelled with the NRTL equations. The model parameters were regressed from VLE, SLE and excess enthalpy data from this work and from the literature. The model developed in this work was compared with models found in the literature. The NRTL equations were also used to model the activity coefficients of the system of water + DIPA. The model parameters were fitted from the VLE and SLE data measured in this work.     

R-site varied series of RBaCo2O5.5 (R2Ba2Co4O11) compounds with precisely controlled oxygen content

The entire family of carefully oxygen-adjusted RBaCo₂O_5.5 or R₂Ba₂Co₄O₁₁ (R=Y, Ho-La) double-perovskite oxides is systematically investigated for the lattice parameters, A-site cation disorder, and characteristic physical properties, i.e. the metal-insulator transition, ferromagnetic transition and so-called metamagnetic transition. With increasing size of the R constituent, the lattice parameters start to deviate from the linear behavior, indicating partial oxygen/vacancy and A-site cation disorder for the largest Rs of Nd, Pr and La. Both the metal-insulator transition and the two magnetic transitions are found to be highly sensitive to even minor deviations from the ideal 5.5 oxygen stoichiometry, thus underlining the importance of proper oxygen-content adjustment.     

Electron-doping through La-for-Sr substitution in (Sr1−xLax)2FeTaO6: Effects on the valences and ordering of the B-site cations, Fe and Ta

We have employed aliovalent A-site cation substitution, La^III-for-Sr^II, to dope the Sr(Fe_0.5Ta_0.5)O₃ perovskite oxide with electrons. Essentially single-phase samples of (Sr_1−xLa_x)(Fe_0.5Ta_0.5)O₃ were successfully synthesized up to x≈0.3 in a vacuum furnace at 1400 °C. The samples were found to crystallize (rather than with orthorhombic symmetry) in monoclinic space group P2₁/n that accounts for the partial ordering of the B-site cations, Fe and Ta. With increasing La-substitution level, x, the degree of Fe/Ta order was found to increase such that the La-richest compositions are best described by the B-site ordered double-perovskite formula, (Sr,La)₂FeTaO₆. From Fe L₃ and Ta L₃ XANES spectra it was revealed that upon electron doping the two B-site cations, Fe^III and Ta^V, are both prone to reduction. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed spin-glass type behaviour for all the samples with a transition temperature slightly increasing with increasing x.