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1.
The PPL-catalysed resolution of 4-hydroxy-2,3-epoxybutyl butyrate resulted in the (2S,3R)-(−)-enantiomer with high optical purity ( > 90% e.e.). The two acylation (or deacylation) steps from diol to dibutyrate (or from dibutyrate to diol) were shown to have reverse stereoselectivities. 相似文献
2.
Eero Immonen 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2004,300(1):79-101
In this article, we study the effect of the chosen representation of a point value (and point evaluation) on the class of periodic signals realizable using a certain type of infinite-dimensional linear system. By suitably representing the point evaluation at the origin in a Hilbert space, we are able to give a complete characterization of its extensions. These extensions involve a new concept called δ-sequence, the use of which as an observation operator of an infinite-dimensional linear system is studied in this article. In particular, we consider their use in the realization of periodic signals. We also investigate how the use of δ-sequences affects the convergence properties of such realizations; we consider the rate and character of convergence and the removal of the Gibbs phenomenon. As still a further demonstration of the significance of the chosen concept of a point value, we discuss the use of distributional point values in the realization of periodic distributions. The possible applications of this work lie in regulator problems of infinite-dimensional control theory, as is indicated by the well-known internal model principle. 相似文献
3.
Marina Lulla Jelena Asari Jaan Aarik Kaupo Kukli Raul Rammula Unto Tapper Eero Kauppinen Väino Sammelselg 《Mikrochimica acta》2006,155(1-2):195-198
Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of highly insulating materials is a complicated problem, partially solved by coating
samples with grounded thin conductive layers or using novel scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, such as low-voltage
and/or variable pressure SEM. In this work, some problems of quantitative X-ray microanalysis of thin HfO2 films, in particular the possibility to determine mass thickness correlated to the density of the layer material, are discussed.
For comparison, Al2O3, Ta2O5 and TiO2 films grown onto both semiconductive Si and insulating quartz substrates were also analysed. All the films studied were synthesized
by atomic layer deposition method. 相似文献
4.
5.
Eero Hyry 《Compositio Mathematica》2002,130(3):319-343
Let A be a local ring, and let I
1,...,I
r
A be ideals of positive height. In this article we compare the Cohen–Macaulay property of the multi–Rees algebra R
A
(I
1,...,I
r
) to that of the usual Rees algebra R
A
(I
1 ··· I
r
) of the product I
1 ··· I
r
. In particular, when the analytic spread of I
1 ··· I
r
is small, this leads to necessary and sufficient conditions for the Cohen–Macaulayness of R
A
(I
1,...,I
r
). We apply our results to the theory of joint reductions and mixed multiplicities. 相似文献
6.
Petri Myllytie Lennart Salmén Eero Haimi Janne Laine 《Cellulose (London, England)》2010,17(2):375-385
Viscoelastic properties of cellulose microfibril—polymer composites and paper sheets were studied with dynamic mechanical
analysis as a function of relative humidity in order to assess the bonding properties in cellulosic networks. The amount of
associated water in the composites (equilibrium moisture content) was measured by thermogravimetry. Water plasticization was
evidenced by DMA both in composite and paper samples. Polymers with high affinity to water, e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose,
clearly increased the water plasticization in the composites. The plasticization behavior of paper sheet samples was also
influenced by polymers. However, the effect of polymers on the plasticization was different between the composite and the
paper samples. The consideration of fiber bonding domain in paper structure as a gel-like layer consisting of cellulose microfibrils,
polymers, and associated water can help to unveil some of the complex mechanisms behind the strength in fibrous cellulosic
materials. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
Fully printed flexible audio system on the basis of low‐voltage polymeric organic field effect transistors with three layer dielectric
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Georg C. Schmidt Daniel Höft Katherina Haase Maxi Bellmann Bahman Kheradmand‐Boroujeni Tomi Hassinen Henrik Sandberg Frank Ellinger Arved C. Hübler 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2015,53(20):1409-1415
Fully mass printed, flexible and truly polymeric organic field effect transistors consisting of a three layer dielectric made of CYTOP (low‐k), PVA (intermediate) and P(VDF‐TrFE‐CTFE)(high‐k) are introduced. Gravure‐, flexo‐and screen printing were selected as highly productive manufacturing technologies. These OFETs work at strongly reduced voltages and show high field effect mobility (µ = 0.2 cm2/Vs) and remarkable good bias stress stability at very high current density (50 µA/mm). Fully printed OFETs are used for the realization of ring oscillators working in the kHz regime at reduced supply voltage (10 V). In combination with printed fully polymeric piezoelectric loudspeakers, this work shows for the first time fully printed flexible audio systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 1409–1415 相似文献
10.
Quantitative assessment of the enzymatic degradation of amorphous cellulose by using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Suchy M Linder MB Tammelin T Campbell JM Vuorinen T Kontturi E 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2011,27(14):8819-8828
The systematic evaluation of the degradation of an amorphous cellulose film by a monocomponent endoglucanase (EG I) by using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) identified several important aspects relevant to the study the kinetics of cellulose degradation by enzymes. It was demonstrated that, to properly evaluate the mechanism of action, steady state conditions in the experimental set up need to be reached. Rinsing or diluting the enzyme, as well as concentration of the enzyme, can have a pronounced effect on the hydrolysis. Quantification of the actual hydrolysis was carried out by measuring the film thickness reduction by atomic force microscopy after the enzymatic treatment. The values correlated well with the frequency data obtained by QCM-D measurement for corresponding films. This demonstrated that the evaluation of hydrolysis by QCM-D can be done quantitatively. Tuning of the initial thickness of films enabled variation of the volume of substrate available for hydrolysis which was then utilized in establishing a correlation between substrate volume and hydrolytic activity of EG I as measured by QCM-D. It was shown that, although the amount of substrate affects the absolute rate of hydrolysis, the relative rate of hydrolysis does not depend on the initial amount of substrate in steady state system. With this experimental setup it was also possible to demonstrate the impact of concentration on crowding of enzyme and subsequent hydrolysis efficiency. This effort also shows the action of EG I on a fully amorphous substrate as observed by QCM-D. The enzyme was shown to work uniformly within the whole volume of swollen film, however being unable to fully degrade the amorphous film. 相似文献