The role of palladium catalyst and base in stereoselective transformations of (E)-2-chlorovinylsulfides

Stereoselective transformations of 2-chlorovinylsulfides in the presence of soluble (t-BuOK) or insoluble (solid KOH or Cs₂CO₃/18-crown-6) base and palladium catalyst (dppb)Pd(OAc)₂ have been studied. Depending on the substrate or catalytic system, the reaction leads to the formation of (E)-1,2-bis[aryl(or arylmethyl)thio]ethenes and/or (E)-1,4-bis[aryl(or arylmethyl)thio]-1-buten-3-ynes in yields of up to 93%.     

Molecular structure of compounds containing a 2,2′-bithienyl fragment (review)

The results of X-ray crystallographic investigations of compounds containing a 2,2-bithienyl fragment are summarized and analyzed. The structural characteristics of unsubstituted bithiophene, 5-monosubstituted, 5,5-, 3,3-, 4,4-, and 3,4-disubstituted, and more highly substituted bithiophenes and also the structure of -conjugated oligothiophene derivatives are considered.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–760, June, 2000.     

Novel Stereoselective Phase Transfer Catalytic Synthesis and Some Applications of ( E )-2-Chlorovinylthioarenes and Hetarenes

A novel two-step method for the preparation of ( E )-2-chlorovinylthioarenes (or hetarenes) from thiols and 1,1,2-trichloroethane in the phase transfer catalytic systems solid K 2 CO 3 /solid KI/18-crown-6/xylene and solid KOH/18-crown-6/toluene has been developed. ( E )-2-chlorovinylthioarenes were isolated in yields up to 98%. Utilization of ( E )-2-chlorovinylthioarenes in the Heck and Stille reactions has been shown.     

Long-chain alkyl sulfonate micelle fission: a molecular dynamics study

In this study, we investigate micelle fission of long-chain alkyl sulfonate molecules using atomistic scale simulation. GROMACS software code with the united atom force field was applied. 0.5-μs parallel molecular dynamics simulation study was conducted for a surfactant/water system consisting of 192 sodium pentadecyl sulfonate and 40,553 water molecules. The large preassembled micelle was ruptured at Krafft above T?=?323-K temperature, and we track two ellipsoid-like micelles over the course of the production run. To estimate the micelle shape, we determined the principal moments of inertia and the eccentricity, which proved that the micelles have a pronounced prolate spheroid shape, which agrees well with our previous experimental data. The mechanism of micelle fission was explored in detail. The aggregation number, ionization degree, and other parameters obtained from simulation were consistent with existing experimental finding. The determined parameters in addition to simple visual inspection of trajectories revealed monomer-micelle exchange—with the estimated relaxation time τ ₁?=?10^??9s. We assume that the exchange process is conditioned by the unequal size of micelles leading to adjustment of aggregation number.     

Vinylation of pyridylcarboxamides with vinyltrimethoxysilane

A convenient method has been developed for the direct N-vinylation of pyridylcarboxamides with vinyltrimethoxysilane in the presence of copper(II) acetate and tetrabutylammonium fluoride. The yield of N-vinylamides depends on the nature of the starting amide and the solvent. The molecular structure of the products was confirmed by X-ray structural analysis.     

Cytotoxic Activity of Ammonium Tellurates

The cytotoxic activity of a series of methylammonium tellurates on human fibrosarcoma HT-1080, mouse hepatoma MG-22A, and mouse fibroblasts 3T3 cell lines is described. The role of tellurates as free radical regulators is discussed.     

Toward the synthesis of amphidinolide P: optimization of a model ene–yne metathesis fragment coupling

Ene–yne cross metathesis was assessed for use as a key fragment coupling in a planned total synthesis of amphidinolide P. A terminal alkyne containing a β,γ-epoxide was synthesized and employed as the alkyne partner in an intermolecular ene–yne metathesis. In the alkene substrate, optimal functionality and reaction conditions were determined. An unprotected allyl alcohol was found to be critical for both high yield and high E-selectivity. Fewer equivalents of the alkene resulted in incomplete reaction and side reactions consumed the terminal alkyne. The best ruthenium carbene precatalysts were found to be the Hoveyda–Grubbs carbene complexes.     

Transformations of 1,2,3-Selenadiazoles. (Review)

Published data of the last 15 years and the results of the authors' own investigations on the chemical properties of selenadiazoles are reviewed.     

Copper(II) fluoride-catalyzed N-arylation of heterocycles with halothiophenes

A novel, cheap copper(II) fluoride-mediated N-arylation of heterocycles with halothiophenes is described. The yield of the pyrazolylthiophene strongly depends on the nature of the initial thiophene. The molecular structure of 3,5-dimethyl-1-(5′-methyl-[2,2′]bithienyl-5-yl)-1H-pyrazole was studied by X-ray diffraction.