Zur Sch?nbein'sehen Reaction auf Blaus?ure

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Acetanilid und Phenacetin

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

On a symmetry of turbulence

This paper presents results on symmetries of the spectrum of singularities for random cascades found in the statistical theory of turbulence. It is shown that empirical dimension curves possess a natural symmetry whose presence restricts the class of allowable probability distributions of the cascade generator in a simple manner. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions on the probability distribution of the generator are obtained for symmetry of the singularity spectrum within a large class of cascade models.     

The diastereoselective synthesis of functionalised isoxazolidines using a Cope elimination/intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition strategy

Functionalised hydroxylamine derivatives of (S)-prolinol prepared by a Cope elimination have been found to undergo oxidation to the nitrone either in the presence of air or a catalytic quantity of TPAP. These undergo intramolecular cycloaddition to give tricyclic isoxazolidines with high diastereoselectivity.     

Model Identification in Exponential Smoothing

Model identification has traditionally been ignored in forecasting via exponential smoothing. The usual practice is to apply the same model to every time-series in a collection. This paper develops a procedure for model identification in large forecasting applications based on an examination of variances of differences of the time-series. The order of differencing yielding minimum variance suggests an appropriate model for the series. Empirical results show that this procedure selects models that give reasonable ex ante forecast accuracy.     

铑（Ⅲ）－钼酸盐－罗丹明B显色体系的研究和应用

在聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）存在下，铑（Ⅲ）与钼酸盐和罗丹明Ｂ（ＲＢ）形成离子缔合物，缔合物的最大吸收位于５８０ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数ε值１．６８×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，服从比耳定律范围０～１０μｇＲｈ／２５ｍＬ，方法用于催化剂和冶金产品中铑的测定，结果满意     

Monitoring photoproduct formation and photobleaching by fluorescence spectroscopy has the potential to improve PDT dosimetry with a verteporfin-like photosensitizer

In current clinical practice, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is carried out with prescribed drug doses and light doses as well as fixed drug-light intervals and illumination fluence rates. This approach can result in undesirable treatment outcomes of either overtreatment or undertreatment because of biological variations between different lesions and patients. In this study, we explore the possibility of improving PDT dosimetry by monitoring drug photobleaching and photoproduct formation. The study involved 60 mice receiving the same drug dose of a novel verteporfin-like photosensitizer, QLT0074, at 0.3 mg/kg body weight, followed by different light doses of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 J/cm2 at 686 nm and a fluence rate of 70 mW/cm2. Photobleaching and photoproduct formation were measured simultaneously, using fluorescence spectroscopy. A ratio technique for data processing was introduced to reliably detect the photoproduct formed by PDT on mouse skin in vivo. The study showed that the QLT0074 photoproduct is stable and can be reliably quantified. Three new parameters, photoproduct score (PPS), photobleaching score (PBS) and percentage photobleaching score (PBS%), were introduced and tested together with the conventional dosimetry parameter, light dose, for performance on predicting PDT-induced outcome, skin necrosis. The statistical analysis of experimental results was performed with an ordinal logistic regression model. We demonstrated that both PPS and PBS improved the prediction of skin necrosis dramatically compared to light dose. PPS was identified as the best single parameter for predicting the PDT outcome.     

Effects of cell-wall acetate,xylan backbone,and lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of aspen wood

Aspen wood substrates with varying degrees of deacetylation, xylan, and lignin removal have been prepared and submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis with a cellulase/hemicellulase preparation for an extended constant period of hydrolysis. Controlled deacetylation has been achieved by treating wood with various alkali metal hydroxide solutions, at various alkali/wood ratios. It has been found that samples with the same extent of deacetylation produce the same sugar yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis. Increased degree of deacetylation increases the yield of sugars obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis, all other compositional parameters held constant. The acetyl group removal is proportional to the stoichiometric relation between added base and wood acetyl content, i.e., the same number of milliequivalents of base/weight of wood remove the same extent of acetyl groups, regardless of the concentration of the base solution. No cation effects are found among Li, Na, and K alkali hydroxide solutions, suggesting that swelling is not as important a parameter as is the removal of the acetyl groups from the xylan backbone in determining the extent of hydrolyzability of the resulting sample.