Der Berührungstensor zweier Flächen und die Affingeometrie derF p imA n

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Ein allgemeiner Endlichkeitssatz der Hydrodynamik

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

On the Causes and Effects of Contaminations during rf Diode Deposition of Cr-Si Alloys

Investigations to the causes and effects of contaminants at the rf diode deposition of CrSi films in a non-heated high vacuum apparatus were carried out comparing an oxygen-free fusion target with an oxygen-containing cermet target. The films of the fusion target contained considerable amounts of oxygen; analogously the oxygen concentration in the films was increased in the case of the cermet target. Moreover, hydrogen was found. The concentration of the contaminants decreased with the sputtering power, however the rate of incorporation increased. For high sputtering rates the contamination process was reproducible and independent of the plant conditioning; the deposited films were depth-homogeneous. The reasons for this behaviour lie in water sources which are activated first of all by the discharge itself. The electrical properties found are explained by the contaminants and the deposition conditions.     

Beyond Cartesian limits: Leibniz's passage from algebraic to “transcendental” mathematics

This article deals with Leibniz's reception of Descartes' “geometry.” Leibnizian mathematics was based on five fundamental notions: calculus, characteristic, art of invention, method, and freedom. On the basis of methodological considerations Leibniz criticized Descartes' restriction of geometry to objects that could be given in terms of algebraic (i.e., finite) equations: “Descartes's mind was the limit of science.” The failure of algebra to solve equations of higher degree led Leibniz to develop linear algebra, and the failure of algebra to deal with transcendental problems led him to conceive of a science of the infinite. Hence Leibniz reconstructed the mathematical corpus, created new (transcendental) notions, and redefined known notions (equality, exactness, construction), thus establishing “a veritable complement of algebra for the transcendentals”: infinite equations, i.e., infinite series, became inestimable tools of mathematical research.     

Efficient indirect electrochemical in-situ regeneration of nadh:electrochemically driven enzymatic reduction of pyruvate catalyzed by d-ldh

Using [Cp(Me)₅Rh(bipy)C1]C1 (1) as redox catalyst for the continous NADH regeneration it was possible to perform an electrochemically driven enzymatic reduction of pyruvate to D-lactate catalyzed by D-LDH at a rate of 5 turnovers per hour. This is by a factor of 20 faster than the best results obtained until now. Current yields of 50 to 70 % may be obtained.     

Bell's theorem based on a generalized EPR criterion of reality

First, the demonstration of Bell's theorem, i.e., of the nonlocal character of quantum theory, is spelled out using the EPR criterion of reality as premises and a gedankenexperiment involving two particles. Then, the EPR criterion is extended to include quantities predicted almostwith certainty, and Bell's theorem is demonstrated on these new premises. The same experiment is used but in conditions that become possible in real life, without the requirements of ideal efficiencies and zero background. Very high efficiencies and low background are needed, but these requirements may be met in the future.     

The Nambu,Jona-Lasinio model and low energy effective meson Lagrangians

Using standard techniques, the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Lagrangian with its chirally invariant four-fermion couplings is transformed into a bosonized form which includes scalar, pseudo-scalar, vector and axial-vector fields. Then, after eliminating the scalar and axialvector fields in an appropriate way, we obtain the Lagrangian given by Bando et al. based on the “hidden” local symmetry approach, except that in the present approach the free parametera of their model is now uniquely given by a=(1? M _V ² /M _A ² )^?1 in terms of the vector and axial-vector meson massesM _V andM _A. The value ofa=2, which led them to remarkable phenomenological successes is therefore directly connected with the Weinberg mass relation M_A=√2M_V in this model. The formal equivalence between the hidden symmetry approach and the massive Yang-Mills scheme is clearly demonstrated in the present approach, which derives an effective meson theory starting from a Lagrangian at the underlying quark level.