全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1075篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 590篇 |
晶体学 | 5篇 |
力学 | 35篇 |
数学 | 325篇 |
物理学 | 141篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 31篇 |
2012年 | 24篇 |
2011年 | 36篇 |
2010年 | 20篇 |
2009年 | 21篇 |
2008年 | 38篇 |
2007年 | 50篇 |
2006年 | 33篇 |
2005年 | 41篇 |
2004年 | 39篇 |
2003年 | 26篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 21篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 20篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 29篇 |
1979年 | 31篇 |
1978年 | 22篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 19篇 |
1975年 | 19篇 |
1974年 | 27篇 |
1973年 | 20篇 |
1972年 | 15篇 |
1971年 | 14篇 |
1970年 | 13篇 |
1969年 | 6篇 |
1968年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有1096条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This article deals with Leibniz's reception of Descartes' “geometry.” Leibnizian mathematics was based on five fundamental notions: calculus, characteristic, art of invention, method, and freedom. On the basis of methodological considerations Leibniz criticized Descartes' restriction of geometry to objects that could be given in terms of algebraic (i.e., finite) equations: “Descartes's mind was the limit of science.” The failure of algebra to solve equations of higher degree led Leibniz to develop linear algebra, and the failure of algebra to deal with transcendental problems led him to conceive of a science of the infinite. Hence Leibniz reconstructed the mathematical corpus, created new (transcendental) notions, and redefined known notions (equality, exactness, construction), thus establishing “a veritable complement of algebra for the transcendentals”: infinite equations, i.e., infinite series, became inestimable tools of mathematical research. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
First, the demonstration of Bell's theorem, i.e., of the nonlocal character of quantum theory, is spelled out using the EPR criterion of reality as premises and a gedankenexperiment involving two particles. Then, the EPR criterion is extended to include quantities predicted almostwith certainty, and Bell's theorem is demonstrated on these new premises. The same experiment is used but in conditions that become possible in real life, without the requirements of ideal efficiencies and zero background. Very high efficiencies and low background are needed, but these requirements may be met in the future. 相似文献
5.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - The US chemical industry is facing maturing markets, variability in raw materials supply, and stiff competition from emerging chemical industries in other... 相似文献
6.
Hiller W Brüll A Argyropoulos D Hoffmann E Pasch H 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2005,43(9):729-735
The application of HPLC-NMR for the analysis of a mixture of fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAEs) is described. The use of the new generation, cryogenically cooled probes is investigated in respect of the sensitivity advantage that they provide. The FAE mixture is separated using liquid chromatography at the critical point of adsorption. The ability of the method to differentiate between the different end groups and the degree of polymerization of the mixture constituents is investigated. Both on-flow and stop-flow HPLC-NMR techniques were used together with two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The results are compared with those obtained by using an evaporative light scattering detector for the HPLC. 相似文献
7.
8.
Eberhard Hohaus 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1980,111(4):863-875
The i.r., u. v.,1H n.m.r.,13C n.m.r., and11B n.m.r. spectra of several substituted diphenylboron chelates derived from salicylaldehyde azomethines were compared with respect to the influence of the amine substituentR. O–B–N-6-ring constitution of the chelates29–32 [R=OH, NH2, NHC6H5, N(CH3)2] can be deduced from the spectra.
Als 3. Mitt. gilt:F. Umland undE. Hohaus mit Beiträgen vonW. Riepe, K. Brodte, C. Schleyerbach undD. Szonn. Untersuchungen über borhaltige Ringsysteme vom Chelattyp. Forschungsbericht des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen Nr. 2538. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag. 1976. 相似文献
9.
Eberhard Bothe Helmut Gorner Joachim Opitz Dietrich Schulte-Frohlinde Aslam Siddiqi Malgorzata Wala 《Photochemistry and photobiology》1990,52(5):949-959
Double-stranded (ds) calf thymus DNA (0.4 mM), excited by 20 ns laser pulses at 248 nm, was studied in deoxygenated aqueous solution at room temperature and pH 6.7 in the presence of a sodium salt (10 mM). The quantum yields for the formation of hydrated electrons (phi c-), single-strand breaks (phi ssb) and double-strand breaks (phi dsb) were determined for various laser pulse intensities (IL). phi c- and phi ssb increase linearly with increasing IL; however, phi ssb has a tendency to reach saturation at high IL (greater than 5 X 10(6) Wcm-2). The ratio phi ssb/phi c-, representing the number of ssb per radical cation, is about 0.08 at IL less than or equal to 5 X 10(6) Wcm-2. For comparison, the number of ssb per OH radical reacting with dsDNA is 0.22. On going from argon to N2O saturation, phi ssb and phi dsb become larger by factors of approximately 5 and 10-15, respectively. This enhancement is produced by attack on DNA bases by OH radicals generated by N2O-scavenging of the photoelectrons. While phi ssb is essentially independent of the dose (Etot), phi dsb depends linearly on Etot in both argon- and N2O-saturated solutions. The linear dependence of phi dsb implies a square dependence of the number of dsb on Etot. This portion of dsb formation is explained by the occurrence of two random ssb, generated within a critical distance (h) in opposite strands. For both argon- and N2O-saturated solutions h was found to be of the order of 40-70 phosphoric acid diester bonds. On addition of electron scavengers such as 2-chloroethanol (or N2O plus t-butanol), phi dsb is similar to that in neat, argon-saturated solutions. Thus, hydrated electrons are not involved in the chemical pathway leading to laser-pulse-induced dsb of DNA. 相似文献
10.
The azido tetrazolo valence isomerism of twenty 9-methyl-s-triazolo[4,3-c]tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines with different substituents at position 5 has been studied by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy. All the compounds have been found to be tetrazoles in the solid state and in (CD3)2SO solution; in CF3COOH azido and tetrazolo isomers are in equilibrium. From equilibrium constants K and thermodynamic data determined it is concluded that in this series K depends on both electronic effects and steric requirements of the 5-substituents. A linear relation between K and σ was found for 5-arylderivatives because ΔS° keeps approximately constant and the substituent mainly operates on ΔH°. 相似文献