An efficient synthesis of 2-(guaiazulen-1-yl)furan derivatives via intramolecular Wittig reactions

An efficient and mild synthesis of 2-(guaiazulen-1-yl)furans,starting from easily accessible 1-(3-aryl-2-cyanopropenoyl) guaiazulenes,tributylphosphine and acyl chlorides,is described.The strategy employs the intramolecular Wittig protocol as a key step to append the crticial furan ring,leading to the highly functional furans in good yields.     

Brφnsted酸性离子液体催化合成阿司匹林

用Brφnsted酸性离子液体[Hmim]BF4、[bmim]HSO4和[bmim]H2PO4代替浓H2SO4为催化剂催化乙酸酐对水杨酸的乙酰化,合成阿司匹林。考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、酐/醇摩尔比对水杨酸酰化反应产率的影响和离子液体的重复使用性能。选择了最佳反应条件,以[bmim]H2PO4作为催化剂,催化剂用量为0.28g(1.18×10-3mol),水杨酸2.762g(0.02mol),乙酸酐4.083g(0.04mol),n(酐)∶n(醇)=2∶1,反应时间30min,反应温度70℃,产率最高达63.43%,并且[bmim]H2PO4溶于水后通过过滤和旋蒸脱水,重复使用3次,产率无明显变化。     

可见光响应的镍硅共掺杂二氧化钛及其光催化性能

为了更好地利用太阳光和提高二氧化钛的光催化性能,以钛酸四正丁酯、正硅酸乙酯、六水合硝酸镍为原料,在高压釜中140℃非水溶剂热反应,所得材料经400℃焙烧制得镍硅共掺杂的二氧化钛光催化剂.所得材料用X射线衍射、氮吸附、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外漫反射等测试手段分析,结果显示所有样品均为锐钛矿型二氧化钛,Si和Ni均掺杂到TiO2体相中,样品具有较大的比表面积,其最大达303.3m2·g-1.在可见光照射下,以降解罗丹明-B为探针反应研究其可见光催化性能,与未掺杂和镍掺杂的二氧化钛相比较,共掺杂的二氧化钛具有更高的可见光催化性能,当Ni/Ti和Si/Ti的物质的量的比分别为0.01和0.20时,可见光催化性能最好.可见光催化性能的提高归因于镍和硅的协同作用.     

Study on mode-filtered light sensor for methane detection

A novel mode-filtered light gas sensor has been reported.It was constructed by inserting an optical fiber deposited by a thin silicone cladding of cryptophane A into a fused-silica capillary.When different concentration of methane gas was introduced to the sensor,the phenomenon that mode-filtered light intensity decreased with the increasing concentration of methane was observed. And a linear relationship was obtained within the methane concentration range of 0.0-16.0%(v/v).The detection limit was 0.06% ...     

DYNGA: a general purpose QM-MM-MD program. I. Application to water

We present a general purpose QM-MM-MD engine (DYNGA) designed to test alternative hybrid Hamiltonians geared towards the treatment of problems of interest in structural biology including the use of experimental data constraints. In this first presentation we use DYNGA to explore the behaviour of a traditional QM-MM approach in the treatment of the water—water interaction. We find the potential energy hypersurface for the water dimer computed with the HF 4–31G*/TIP3P hybrid Hamiltonian tends to be too flat. We also explore the effect of using traditional QM-MM techniques on proton wires and conclude there is a need for improvement, possibly addressed by using polarizable force fields.     

PAST AND FUTURE MANAGEMENT OF A COLLAPSED FISHERY: THE BAY OF BISCAY ANCHOVY

Abstract We analyze the efficiency of the international management of the Bay of Biscay anchovy. While a sharing agreement between France and Spain has been in place since 1992, the fish stock collapsed in 2005 and the fishery closed from 2005 to spring 2010. We consider differences in production technologies between both countries and calibrate our model using data from 1987 to 2009. Our results suggest two sources of rent dissipation under the existing sharing agreement: inefficient quota allocation and production inefficiencies due to inflexible national regulations. We discuss several alternatives to improve management.     

ConFlo III - an interface for high precision delta(13)C and delta(15)N analysis with an extended dynamic range

A newly developed interface coupling a CHN combustion device (elemental analyser 'EA') to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer is described and evaluated. The purpose of the device is to extend the dynamic range of delta(13)C and delta(15)N analysis from less than 2 orders of magnitude to more than 3 orders of magnitude. Carbon isotope ratio measurements of atropine as a model compound have been performed analysing between 1 μg to 5 mg C with acceptable to excellent precision (0.6 to 0.06 per thousand, delta-notation). The correction due to the blank signal is critical for sample amounts smaller than 4 μg C. The maximum sample weight is determined by the combustion capacity of the EA. Larger sample amounts are measured using dilution of a small part of the EA effluent with helium. The dilution mechanism works virtually free of isotope fractionation. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Electroanalysis and simultaneous determination of dopamine and epinephrine at poly(isonicotinic acid)-modified carbon paste electrode in the presence of ascorbic acid

A carbon paste electrode modified with electropolymerized fills of isonicotinic acid was developed.The modified electrode shows excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of both dopamine(DA)and epinephrine(EP).Separation of the reduction peak potentials for dopamine and epinephrine was about 357 mV in pH 5.3 phosphate buffer solution(PBS)and the character was used for the detection DA and EP simultaneously.The peak currents increase linearly with DA and EP concentration over the range of 8.0×10-5 to 7.0×10-4 mol/L and 5.0×10-6 to 1.0×10-4 mol/L with detection limits of 2 × 10-5 and 1×10-6 mol/L,respectively.The interference studies showed that the modified electrode exhibits excellent selectivity in the presence of large excess of ascorbic acid(AA).     

A novel approach to oligonucleotide synthesis using an imidazolium ion tag as a soluble support

The synthesis of oligonucleotides in solution using a soluble, ionic liquid based support is described. Short oligomers of varying base composition were synthesized using this method in high yields and high purity, requiring no chromatography for purification prior to cleavage from the support. The solution-phase-synthesized oligomers were compared to the same sequences prepared using standard gene machine techniques by LCMS. This methodology may provide a cheaper route for the large-scale synthesis of oligonucleotides.