On the history of the discovery of nanodiamond synthesis

The history of the discovery of nanodiamond synthesis, the investigation of nanodiamond properties, and the application and organization of their production in the second half of the 20th century is expounded. It is noted that this history is unique, since nanodiamond synthesis was discovered in the USSR three times over 19 years: first by K.V. Volkov, V.V. Danilenko, and V.I. Elin at the VNIITF (Snezhinsk) in 1963 and then, in 1982, by A.M. Staver and A.I. Lyamkin at the Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Division, Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Novosibirsk), and by G.I. Savvakin at the Institute of Problems of Materials Science, Academy of Sciences of the UkSSR (Kiev). All of these researchers discovered nanodiamond synthesis accidentally while studying diamond synthesis by shock compression of nondiamond carbon modifications in blast chambers. The priority of work by Russian scientists in this field is demonstrated.     

Influence of the conditions of manufacture of nanomeric zirconium dioxide,stabilized with yttrium oxide,on its catalytic properties in the oxidation of CO

The morphological and catalytic properties of samples of nanomeric zirconium dioxide, stabilized with yttrium oxide, manufactured via the effect of a UHF field during the process of drying precipitated zirconium hydroxide and calcination at temperatures from 300 to 1000 °C, were studied. It was shown that the highest activity in the oxidation of CO occurred with 40 nm particles of zirconium dioxide prepared at 1000 °C. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 96–101, March–April, 2007.     

Chemistry of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N,N</Emphasis>-bis(silyloxy)enamines 7. Quaternization of tertiary amines and nitrogen-containing heterocycles by <Emphasis Type="Italic">N,N</Emphasis>-bis(silyloxy)enamines

Coupling of N,N-bis(silyloxy)enamines with tertiary amines and nitrogen-containing heterocycles affording the corresponding functionalized ammonium or iminium salts was studied. The area of its application was determined, and optimal procedures for the synthesis of the target products were proposed. The mechanism including the formation of conjugated nitroso alkene or a silylnitrosonium cation as key intermediates is discussed.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2137–2143, October, 2004.     

(Z)-3-p-tolylsulfinylacrylonitrile as a chiral dienophile: diels-alder reactions with furan and acyclic dienes

The behavior of (Z)-3-p-tolylsulfinylacrylonitrile (1) as a chiral dienophile has been evaluated from its reactions with furan and acyclic dienes. Electrostatic interactions of the cyano group with the sulfinyl one restrict the conformational mobility around the C-S bond, thus controlling the pi-facial selectivity, which is almost complete in all cases, the approach of the diene from the less-hindered face of the dienophile (that bearing the lone electron pair) in the predominant rotamer being the favored one. The regioselectivity is also completely controlled by the cyano group. Additionally, the reactivity of compound 1 as well as its endo-selectivity are both higher than those observed for the corresponding (Z)-3-sulfinylacrylates, thus proving the potential of sulfinylnitriles as chiral dienophiles.     

Heat capacities of aqueous solutions of amino acid and dipeptide derivatives of fullerene

The concentration dependences of heat capacities of aqueous solutions of several amino acid and peptide derivatives of fullerene were measured by scanning differential calorimetry at 298 K. The heat capacities for the arginine, alanylalanine, and glycylvaline derivatives dissolved in water depend slightly on concentration. The concentration dependences of the heat capacities of aqueous solutions of the serine and alanine derivatives display extrema. The calculated contributions of hydration to the heat capacities of the dissolved fullerene derivatives have both positive and negative signs. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2202–2204, November, 1998.     

Narrow band quantitative and multivariate electroencephalogram analysis of peri-adolescent period

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The peri-adolescent period is a crucial developmental moment of transition from childhood to emergent adulthood. The present report analyses the differences in Power Spectrum (PS) of the Electroencephalogram (EEG) between late childhood (24 children between 8 and 13 years old) and young adulthood (24 young adults between 18 and 23 years old). RESULTS: The narrow band analysis of the Electroencephalogram was computed in the frequency range of 0--20 Hz. The analysis of mean and variance suggested that six frequency ranges presented a different rate of maturation at these ages, namely: low delta, delta-theta, low alpha, high alpha, low beta and high beta. For most of these bands the maturation seems to occur later in anterior sites than posterior sites. Correlational analysis showed a lower pattern of correlation between different frequencies in children than in young adults, suggesting a certain asynchrony in the maturation of different rhythms. The topographical analysis revealed similar topographies of the different rhythms in children and young adults. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated the same internal structure for the Electroencephalogram of both age groups. Principal Component Analysis allowed to separate four subcomponents in the alpha range. All these subcomponents peaked at a lower frequency in children than in young adults. CONCLUSIONS: The present approaches complement and solve some of the incertitudes when the classical brain broad rhythm analysis is applied. Children have a higher absolute power than young adults for frequency ranges between 0-20 Hz, the correlation of Power Spectrum (PS) with age and the variance age comparison showed that there are six ranges of frequencies that can distinguish the level of EEG maturation in children and adults. The establishment of maturational order of different frequencies and its possible maturational interdependence would require a complete series including all the different ages.     

X-ray diffraction studies of imperfect crystals by the example of fluorinated graphites

An X-ray diffraction technique for the study of imperfect crystals of natural graphite and its fluorinated products is proposed. The diffraction patterns measured are free from the preferred orientation effect and provide the simulation based on a 1D disordered crystal.     

Multiple and Polynomial Recurrence for Abelian Actions in Infinite Measure

The (C,F)-construction from a previous paper of the first authoris applied to produce a number of funny rank one infinite measurepreserving actions of discrete countable Abelian groups G with‘unusual’ multiple recurrence properties. In particular,the following are constructed for each p N{}:

1. a p-recurrent actionT=(T_g)_gG such that (if p) no one transformationT_g is (p+1)-recurrentfor every element g of infinite order;
2. an action T=(T_g)_gGsuch that for every finite sequence g1,...,g_rGwithout torsionthe transformation T_g1x...x T_gr is ergodic,p-recurrent but(if p) not (p+1)-recurrent;
3. a p-polynomially recurrent (C,F)-transformationwhich (if p)is not (p+1)-recurrent.

-recurrence here meansmultiple recurrence. Moreover, it is shown that there existsa (C,F)-transformation which is rigid (and hence multiply recurrent)but not polynomially recurrent. Nevertheless, the subset ofpolynomially recurrent transformations is generic in the groupof infinite measure preserving transformations endowed withthe weak topology.