Studies of artificial hydrolytic metalloenzymes: The catalyzed carboxyester hydrolysis by copper(II), zinc(II) and cobalt(II) complexes of the tripod ligand tris(2-benzimidazylmethyl)amine

The hydrolysis kinetics of p-nitrophenyl acetate (NA) catalyzed by Cu^II, Zn^II and Co^II complexes of tris(2-benzimidazylmethyl)amine (NBT) have been studied. The hydrolysis rate is first-order in both metal(II) complex and NA. The second-order rate constants, k_cat are 0.083, 0.241 and 0.285mol^–1Ls^–1 (298K, I = 0.10molL^–1 KNO₃, 0.02molL^–1 tris buffer, 40% MeCN aqueous solution) for Zn–NBT, Co–NBT and Cu–NBT complexes, respectively. The result indicates that the hydrolytic metalloenzyme activity of different metal complexes increases with the electrophilicity of the metal ions and that the complexes, in this paper, constitute that most efficient hydrolytic metalloenzyme models reported to date. An increase in MeCN content in the solution greatly reduces the hydrolytic activity of the nucleophiles.     

Efficient terahertz coupling lens based on planar photonic crystals on silicon on insulator

We present a promising coupling device, namely, a terahertz (THz) planar photonic crystal (PhC) lens based on the effective refractive-index contrast between the PhC and the surrounding unpatterned area. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain calculations show a 90% power transfer from a 100-microm silicon waveguide to a 10-microm waveguide, and 45% coupling efficiency is confirmed experimentally. These results demonstrate the utility of the PhC lens as an effective approach to coupling into PhC THz circuits.     

基于PSO算法的RoboCup2D机器人研究

对机器人体系结构、动作学习及行为的组织方式进行了研究,以演化计算为基本方法,以RoboCup2D为平台,设计了基于PSO算法的足球机器人的体系结构,解决感知、动作、和规划问题;在训练环境下,形成感知规则,优化感知相关参数,得到对信息高效快速的感知方法,并根据指定的粒度、功能、参数,对RoboCup2D机器人的原子动作进行了组合优化,得到一组带参数和执行效果描述的粒子动作;最后在赛场环境和任务驱动下,搜索粒子动作并进行组织规划,得到完成特定任务的机器人行为;RoboCup2D仿真实验表明,演化计算方法不仅能利用原子动作进行组合优化,得到适应于不同条件的粒子动作,而且能通过其在线搜索粒子动作,动态组成机器人行为;基于演化计算的足球机器人能更好地完成跑位、截球、带球、传球等任务,具有更强的适应性。     

Large-Area Freestanding Weyl Semimetal WTe_2 Membranes

We report a universal transfer methodology for producing artificial heterostructures of large-area freestanding single-crystalline WTe₂ membranes on diverse target substrates.The transferred WTe₂ membranes exhibit a nondestructive structure with a carrier mobility comparable to that of as-grown films(～179–1055 cm²·V^?1·s^?1).Furthermore,the transferred membranes show distinct Shubnikov–de Haas quantum oscillations as well as weak localization/weak anti-localization.These results provide a new approach to the development of atom manufacturing and devices based on atomic-level,large-area topological quantum films.     

Global Aromaticity in Macrocyclic Cyclopenta‐Fused Tetraphenanthrenylene Tetraradicaloid and Its Charged Species

A stable cyclopenta‐fused tetraphenanthrenylene macrocycle, CPTP‐M , was synthesized, and the structure was confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. It exhibits a large radical character (number of unpaired electron, N_U=3.52) and a small singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔE_S‐T=?2.8 kcal mol^?1 by SQUID). Its backbone contains 60 ([4n]) conjugated π electrons and is globally antiaromatic. NMR measurements and theoretical calculations revealed that its dication/dianion is globally aromatic owing to the existence of [4n?2]/[4n+2] π‐conjugated electrons. Remarkably, the ring‐current map of the tetraanion shows a unique ring‐in‐ring structure, with a diamagnetic outer ring and a paramagnetic inner ring. Accordingly, both the inner‐rim and outer‐rim protons are deshielded in its ¹H NMR spectrum. The tetraanion can be regarded as an isoelectronic structure of the known octulene, which shows similar electronic properties.     

克尔介质内飞秒光脉冲时空耦合特性的光束脉冲矩阵

完整地将光脉冲的时间分量和空间分量耦合到一起,使得时间矩阵元素内有空间变量,空间矩阵元素中也有时间变量,从而推导出描述克尔介质内飞秒光脉冲时空耦合特性的光束脉冲矩阵。     

Co-N4大环配合物分子应用于异相电催化CO2还原

利用可再生能源产生的电能催化二氧化碳还原(CO₂RR)是可持续制备碳基化学品的一种潜在途径.电催化剂是实现这个转化的关键,目前还需要深入地研究机理去优化催化剂的设计.M-N₄结构的大环配合物是一类结构明确、性能易调控的分子电催化剂,是研究结构-性能关系的理想平台.其中,金属酞菁在异相电催化CO₂RR中展现出较好的催化性能,受到广泛关注.而其它M-N₄结构大环配合物(如金属卟啉、金属咔咯)在异相电催化CO₂RR中报道较少,且催化性能一般.本文对比研究了酞菁钴(CoPc)、四苯基卟啉钴(CoTPP)和三苯基咔咯钴(CoTPC)三种分子异相电催化CO₂RR的性能,揭示制约金属卟啉和金属咔咯分子应用于异相体系的原因,并提出改进方法.首先采用碳纳米管(CNT)复合的方法对三种分子进行了研究.结果表明,只有CoPc能够与CNT形成性能优异的复合电催化剂,而CoTPP和CoTPC复合电催化剂几乎不具备活性.这是因为这两种分子具有扭曲的苯环导致分子与CNT作用力弱,在复合物里面只有很少的分子锚定在CNT上.本文采用直接滴涂法制备三种分子与CNT物理混合电极,并研究了分子载量对催化性能的影响.结果表明,在1.08×10^-8molcm^-2低分子载量时,CoTPP+CNT和Co TPC+CNT样品基本无活性,它们的电催化活性随着分子载量的提升而显著增加.在5.4×10^-7molcm^-2的高载量时,CoTPC+CNT和CoTPP+CNT样品在-0.67 V(相对可逆氢电极,下同)的电位下分别展现出14.0和7.61 mA cm^-2的CO分电流密度,是1.08×10^-8 molcm^-2载量样品的8.7和7.9倍.这说明对于Co TPP和CoTPC分子,可以通过加大载量来增加与CNT作用几率,从而提高电极活性.然而,基于CoPc制备的样品活性随着CoPc分子载量的增加变化不明显.这是由于在低载量下CoPc分子已经很好地与CNT相互作用,并且CNT上CoPc分子负载量是有限的,继续增大载量只会导致聚集.本文进一步发展一种聚乙烯吡啶(PVP)桥连的办法,提升CoTPP和CoTPC在低载量下的电极活性.聚乙烯链能够通过疏水作用缠绕在CNT上,同时吡啶能够与分子金属中心配位,从而为分子与CNT结合建立桥梁.当分子载量为1.08×10^-8mol cm^-2时,CoTPP+CNT/PVP在-0.67 V电位下展现出85%以上的CO法拉第效率,而且CO分电流密度达到7.84 mA cm^-2,是没有添加PVP对比样CoTPP+CNT的8倍.由此可见,分子与基底的相互作用强度对异相电催化CO₂RR的性能有重要影响.对于与基底相互作用弱的大环配合物分子可以通过大分子载量的滴涂法或引入桥连分子来提高电极性能.这些方法可以拓展到其它分子体系,有助于构建高效的异相分子电催化剂.     

基于Fluent的列管式换热器性能校核方法研究

结合数值模拟方法和叉排逆流式换热器的工程算法,针对航空用列管式换热器提出了一种性能校核方法。为获得更精确的叉排最大流速,采用Fluent对冷热侧流场进行了分析,并通过一组迭代估算了冷热侧的压差使出口压力边界条件得以确定。数值计算得到的冷热侧流速作为工程算法的输入条件进行后续计算。通过与试验对比发现,该方法可完成对列管式换热器的设计校核,计算结果与实验数据间的误差在工程应用允许范围内。     

A Polyfluoroalkyl-Containing Non-fullerene Acceptor Enables Self-Stratification in Organic Solar Cells

The elaborate control of the vertical phase distribution within an active layer is critical to ensuring the high performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), but is challenging. Herein, a self-stratification active layer is realised by adding a novel polyfluoroalkyl-containing non-fullerene small-molecule acceptor (NFSMA), EH-C₈F₁₇, as the guest into PM6:BTP-eC9 blend. A favourable vertical morphology was obtained with an upper acceptor-enriched thin layer and a lower undisturbed bulk heterojunction layer. Consequently, a power conversion efficiency of 18.03 % was achieved, higher than the efficiency of 17.40 % for the device without EH-C₈F₁₇. Additionally, benefiting from the improved charge transport and collection realised by this self-stratification strategy, the OSC with a thickness of 350 nm had an impressive PCE of 16.89 %. The results of the study indicate that polyfluoroalkyl-containing NFSMA-assisted self-stratification within the active layer is effective for realising an ideal morphology for high-performance OSCs.     

Revealing the Origin of Transition-Metal Migration in Layered Sodium-Ion Battery Cathodes: Random Na Extraction and Na-Free Layer Formation

Cation migration often occurs in layered oxide cathodes of lithium-ion batteries due to the similar ion radius of Li and transition metals (TMs). Although Na and TM show a big difference of ion radius, TMs in layered cathodes of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) can still migrate to Na layer, leading to serious electrochemical degeneration. To elucidate the origin of TM migration in layered SIB cathodes, we choose NaCrO₂, a typical layered cathode suffering from serious TM migration, as a model material and find that the TM migration is derived from the random desodiation and subsequent formation of Na-free layer at high charge potential. A Ru/Ti co-doping strategy is developed to address the issue, where the doped active Ru is first oxidized to create a selective desodiation and the doped inactive Ti can function as a pillar to avoid complete desodiation in Ru-contained TM layers, leading to the suppression of the Na-free layer formation and subsequent enhanced electrochemical performance.