Energy dependence of the fast fragment of the target nucleus in high energy hadron-nucleus interaction

This paper presents an extensive study on the dependence of the mean number of the fast fragment of the target nucleus n _g on the incident beam energy in proton-nucleus interaction in emulsion in the range 6·2E ₀400 GeV/c. It has been observed that n _g decreases in the range 6·2E ₀200 GeV/c, then increases and attains an approximately steady value up to 400 GeV/c. It is very difficult to explain this behaviour with the help of the existing nuclear production models.The author would like to thank Prof A. J. Herz (CERN), Prof. K. D. Tolostov (Dubna, U.S.S.R.), Prof. P. L. Jain (State University of New York, U.S.A.), Prof. G. Giacomelly (Italy) for kindly supplying the exposed emulsion plates.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of an Oximato Bridged Cu(II) Dimer

Abstract  

Schiff-base condensation of a equimolar proportion of diacetyl-monoxime monohydrazone and 1-methylimidazole-2-carboxaldehyde in methanol gives rise to the imidazole azine, 3-(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)methylenehydrazonobutan-2-one oxime(HL). Reaction of 1:1 stoichiometric proportion of HL with copper(II)perchlorate hexahydrate in methanol yields a dimeric oximato bridged copper compound, [Cu₂L₂(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂ (1). The compound is characterized by C, H and N analyses, FT-IR, ESI–MS, conductivity measurement, UV–Vis spectra and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The title compound (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 6.8533 (8), b = 18.413 (2), c = 11.7399 (14) ?, β = 93.685 (2)°, V = 1478.4 (3) ?³ and Z = 2. The geometry around each copper center is distorted square pyramidal. The copper(II) dimer shows antiferromagnetic interaction mediated by symmetric disposition of oximato groups.     

Oximato-bridged copper(II) compounds: syntheses,molecular structures,magnetic, thermal and spectroscopic properties

Reaction of the Schiff base, 1-(4-methylimidazol-5-yl) phenylhydrazonopropane-2-one oxime (LH), with copper(II) perchlorate hexahydrate and copper(II) nitrate trihydrate in a 1 : 1 M proportion in methanol affords [Cu₂L₂(H₂O)(ClO₄)](ClO₄) (1) and [Cu₂L₂(H₂O)₂](NO₃)₂] (2) in moderate yields. Both 1 and 2 have been characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, FT-IR, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, EPR, electric conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The X-ray crystal structures of 1·CH₃COCH₃ and 2 have been determined. Both compounds are dinuclear copper(II) complexes, with each copper μ₂-bridged by two oxime ligands in a μ₂-η¹,η² fashion. Variable temperature magnetic studies on 1 and 2 show that both compounds are dominated by an antiferromagnetic coupling through the oxime bridges.     

Coevolution of protein and RNA structures within a highly conserved ribosomal domain

The X-ray crystal structure of a ribosomal L11-rRNA complex with chloroplast-like mutations in both protein and rRNA is presented. The global structure is almost identical to that of the wild-type (bacterial) complex, with only a small movement of the protein alpha helix away from the surface of the RNA required to accommodate the altered protein residue. In contrast, the specific hydrogen bonding pattern of the mutated residues is substantially different, and now includes a direct interaction between the protein side chain and an RNA base edge and a water-mediated contact. Comparison of the two structures allows the observations of sequence variation and relative affinities of wild-type and mutant complexes to be clearly rationalized, but reinforces the concept that there is no single simple code for protein-RNA recognition.     

Using recurrence plot analysis to distinguish between endogenous and exogenous stock market crashes

Recurrence Plots are graphical tools based on Phase Space Reconstruction. Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) is a statistical quantification of RPs. RP and RQA are good at working with non-stationarity and noisy data, in detecting changes in data behavior, in particular in detecting breaks, like a phase transition and in informing about other dynamic properties of a time series. Endogenous Stock Market Crashes have been modeled as phase changes in recent times. Motivated by this, we have used RP and RQA techniques for detecting critical regimes preceding an endogenous crash seen as a phase transition and hence give an estimation of the initial bubble time. We have used a new method for computing RQA measures with confidence intervals. We have also used the techniques on a known exogenous crash to see if the RP reveals a different story or not. The analysis is made on Nifty, Hong Kong AOI and Dow Jones Industrial Average, taken over a time span of about 3 years for the endogenous crashes. Then the RPs of all time series have been observed, compared and discussed. All the time series have been first transformed into the classical momentum divided by the maximum Xmax of the time series over the time window which is considered in the specific analysis. RPs have been plotted for each time series, and RQA variables have been computed on different epochs. Our studies reveal that, in the case of an endogenous crash, we have been able to identify the bubble, while in the case of exogenous crashes the plots do not show any such pattern, thus helping us in identifying such crashes.     

Anhydrous state proton conduction in sulfonated bisphenol a polyetherimide with 1H‐1,2,4 triazole as proton solvent

In this study, bisphenol A polyetherimide was sulfonated to various degrees (22, 48, and 62%) by trimethylsilylchlorosulfonate (TMSCS). Novel anhydrous proton conducting polyelectrolytes were prepared by the incorporation of 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole (Taz) as proton solvent in sulfonated polyetherimide (SPEI) matrix. The conductivity reached about 2 × 10^–3 S/cm at 80 °C and 10^–2 S/cm at 140 °C. The temperature dependence proton conductivity of the polyelectrolytes followed Arrhenius equation. The conductivity improved considerably at a temperature close to the triazole melting temperature in SPEI(X)H matrix. It was proposed that the high mobility of the triazolium ions (vehicle diffusion), in addition to structure diffusion, contribute to the high conductivity of these proton conducting electrolytes above the melting temperature of triazole. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2178–2187, 2009     

Spectrophotometric determination of ruthenium,rhenium, osmium and platinum with organic thiohydrazides

Summary Four organic thiohydrazides, e. g.,-naphthalenethiocarboxhydrazide, 2-pyrrolethiocarboxhydrazide, 2-furanthiocarboxhydrazide and 2-thiophenethiocarboxhydrazide are employed as reagents for the spectrophotometric determination of ruthenium, rhenium, osmium and platinum in the presence of considerable excess of diverse metal ions commonly associated with them. The coloured complexes, formed by the reagents with the metals, are stable for more than 12 hr and follow Beer's law at the wavelength of maximum absorbance. The molar absorptivities are in the 10⁴ range for the metal complexes studied.

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Zusammenfassung Alpha-Naphthalinthiocarboxhydrazid, 2-Pyrrolthiocarboxhydrazid, 2-Furanthiocarboxhydrazid und 2-Thiophenthiocarboxhydrazid wurden als Reagenzien für die spektrophotometrische Bestimmung von Ruthenium, Rhenium, Osmium und Platin in Gegenwart beträchtlicher Überschüsse verschiedener, damit üblicherweise vergesellschafteter Metallionen verwendet. Die dabei gebildeten gefärbten Komplexverbindungen sind mehr als 12 Stunden beständig und folgen dem Beerschen Gesetz bei der Wellenlänge maximaler Extinktion. Die molaren Absorptionen liegen in der Größenordnung 10⁴.

     

DNA and RNA binding studies on a novel bromo-bridged dimeric copper(II) complex stabilized from a Schiff base ligand

Abstract

A novel red copper(II) compound, bis(μ-bromo)bis(2-(benzothiazol-2-yl-hydrazono)-1,2-diphenyl-ethanone)-dicopper(II) (1), has been fostered by equimolar reaction of a Schiff-base ligand, 2-(benzothiazol-2-yl-hydrazono)-1,2-diphenyl-ethanone (LH), with copper(II) bromide in satisfactory yield. 1 has thoroughly been characterized by C, H and N elemental analyses, FT-IR and UV-vis (both in solid state and in solution) spectroscopies, and room-temperature magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. Dimeric 1 bears symmetric rare bromo-bridges in its crystal structure. 1 retains its solid-state identity even in a protic solvent like methanol. 1 in methanol displays two-step one-electron redox response. Theoretical calculations based on DFT were executed to probe the electronic structure of 1 and to augment its color. DNA- and RNA-binding aspects of both LH and 1 have been explored. Thermodynamic binding parameters have been determined. LH is a major-groove binder to DNA, while 1 manifests itself as a minor-groove binder. This binding has been corroborated through molecular docking. Nucleic acid binding aspect of such type of rare bromo-bridged red copper(II) dimer is unprecedented.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Complex of Palladium(II) with 2-Hydroxyimino-3-(2-hydrazonopyridyl)-butane

Abstract  

Schiff-base condensation of an equimolar proportion of diacetyl-monoxime and 2-hydrazino pyridine in methanol gives rise to 2-hydroxyimino-3-(2-hydrazonopyridyl)-butane (HL). The ligand has been characterised by FT-IR, ¹H NMR and UV–Vis spectra. Reaction of 1:1 stoichiometric proportion of HL with Na₂[PdCl₄] in methanol affords a mononuclear palladium(II) compound, [PdLCl]·H₂O (1). The compound is characterised by C, H and N analyses, FT-IR, conductivity measurement, UV–Vis spectra, thermal analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurement. The X-ray crystal structure of the title compound (1) has been determined. The compound crystalises in the triclinic space group P[`1] P\overline{1} with a = 7.3033(3), b = 9.4139(4), c = 9.4445(5) ?, α = 79.789(3), β = 68.285(2), γ = 77.978(3)o, V = 586.42(5) ?³ and Z = 2. Pd(II) is in ‘N₃Cl’ coordination chromophore. The geometry around Pd(II) is square-planar. The compound is essentially diamagnetic.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [Cu(BDBPH)(ClO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>2</Subscript>] (BDBPH = Butane-2,3-dione bis(2′-pyridylhydrazone)

Abstract  

Butane-2,3-dione bis(2′-pyridylhydrazone) (BDBPH), a Schiff-base condensate, was synthesized by 1:2 mol ratio condensation of butane-2,3-dione with 2-hydrazino pyridine in dehydrated methanol. BDBPH has been characterised by C, H and N microanalyses, FT-IR, ¹H NMR and UV–Vis spectra. Reaction of 1:1 stoichiometric proportion of BDBPH with copper(II)perchlorate hexahydrate in methanol affords a mononuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu(BDBPH)(ClO₄)₂] (1). 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P [`1] \overline{1} with a = 8.4230(2), b = 9.7869(3), c = 12.3508(3) ?, α = 103.784(2), β = 90.900(2), γ = 94.906(2)^°, V = 984.51(5) ?³ and Z = 2. The copper(II) compound is octahedral and one-electron paramagnetic. Bond Valence Sum (BVS) model calculation was also performed to assign the oxidation number of the copper center.