脲醛树脂合成反应过程的FTIR研究

利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱研究了脲醛树脂合成中不同结构形成和变化情况. 对FTIR谱图解析和分析的结果表明, 在脲醛树脂预聚物合成过程中, 随着甲醛与尿素反应的进行, 红外谱图特征峰发生有规律的变化, 酰胺II带特征峰波数逐渐低移, 有更多羟甲基、醚键和—NHCH2—结构基元形成, 固化反应使上述结构基元相应减少. 着重分析了不同甲醛与尿素摩尔比(nF/nU)下尿素与甲醛反应产物结构的变化, 随nF/nU的增加, 酰胺II带特征峰波数逐渐低移, 碱性条件下醚键和—NHCH2—结构基元明显增加, 在较强酸性条件下Uron环、亚甲基桥和羟甲基显著增加, 而—NHCH2—结构基元含量下降.     

有机硅改性丙烯酸酯共聚乳液合成方法及胶膜性能的研究

用一次投料法、单体乳液滴加法和引发剂滴加法有机硅改性丙烯酸酯共聚乳液，聚合过程、胶粒形态及乳液稳定性的观测结果表明：单体乳液滴加法是合成该类乳液的最佳方法，研究了单体乳液滴加法中有机硅含量与聚合反及胶膜性能的关系，结果表明：有机硅含量在１５％以下时，聚合反应可以顺利进行，胶膜性能不仅依赖于聚合时有机硅单体的总量，而且还依赖于有机硅单体中活性硅氧烷所占的比例。     

Reflecting a single attosecond pulse by using periodic Mo/Si multilayer mirrors with different layers

The reflecting of a single attosecond pulse from a periodic Mo/Si multilayer was investigated. By changing the number of bi-layers, the periodic multilayer showed greatly different spectral and temporal responses of the attosecond pulse reflection, which has been discussed in detail in this paper. The capability of attosecond pulse reflection of the periodic multilayers with different bi-layer numbers has been evaluated using suitable temporal parameters. In addition, the condition for obtaining high-efficiency reflected pulses has been analyzed by comparing the pulse responses of the periodic multilayer with different layers. The transfer-matrix method together with the fast Fourier transform has been used in our simulation.     

Effects of shell composition,dosage and alkali type on the morphology of polymer hollow microspheres

Polymer hollow microspheres were prepared by performing alkali treatment on the multilayer core/shell polymer latex particles containing carboxyl groups. Effects of the shell composition and dosage as well as alkali type on the morphology of the microspheres were investigated. Results showed that in comparison with acrylonitrile(AN) and methacrylic acid(MAA), using butyl acrylate(BA) as the shell co-monomer decreased the glass transition temperature(T_g) of shell effectively and was beneficial to the formation of uniform and big hollow structure. Along with the increase of the shell dosage, the alkali-treated microspheres sequentially presented porous and hollow morphology, and the size of microspheres increased, while the hollow diameter increased first and then decreased, and the maximum hollow ratio reached 39.5%. Furthermore, the multilayer core/shell microspheres had better tolerance to NH_3·H_2O than to NaOH. When the molar ratio of alkali to methacrylic acid(MR_(alkali/acid)) for Na OH ranged from 1.15 to 1.30 or MRalkali/acid for NH_3·H_2O ranged from 1.30 to 2.00, the regular polymer hollow microspheres could be obtained.     

Improving attosecond pulse reflection by large angle incidence for a periodic multilayer mirror in the extreme ultraviolet region

The improvement of attosecond pulse reflection by large angle incidence for a periodic multilayer mirror in the extreme ultraviolet region has been discussed. Numerical simulations of both spectral and temporal reflection characteristics of periodic multilayer mirrors under various incident angles have been analyzed and compared. It was found that the periodic multilayer mirror under a larger incidence angle can provide not only higher integrated reflectivity but also a broader reflection band with negligible dispersion, making it possible to obtain better a reflected pulse that has a higher pulse reflection efficiency and shorter pulse duration for attosecond pulse reflection. In addition, by increasing the incident angle, the promotion of attosecond pulse reflection capability has been proven for periodic multilayer mirrors with arbitrary layers.     

萘酰亚胺类荧光染料及共聚型荧光聚氨酯乳液的合成与性能

首先以4-溴-1,8-萘酐、2-氨基-1,3-丙二醇和甲醇钠为原料, 经亚胺化和取代两步反应合成出4-甲氧基-N-(2-羟基-1-羟甲基乙基)-1, 8-萘酰亚胺(MHHNA)活性荧光染料, 然后将其作为扩链剂通过相反转自乳化法制备出了共聚型荧光聚氨酯(PU) (PU-MHHNA)乳液, 并分别采用核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(¹³CNMR)、元素分析、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、荧光光谱、粒度分析、氙灯老化等方法对所得荧光染料的化学结构、PU乳液及乳胶膜的性能进行了表征. 结果表明, MHHNA和PU-MHHNA的荧光量子产率分别为0.73 和0.92, MHHNA的用量对所得PU乳液的胶体性质没有明显影响. PU-MHHNA的丙酮溶液在UV-Vis 吸收光谱上的最大吸收波长(λ_max)为360.6 nm, 在荧光光谱上的最大激发波长(λ_ex)和最大发射波长(λ_em)分别为362和435 nm. 随着温度的升高, PU-MHHNA的荧光强度逐渐降低. PU-MHHNA乳胶膜的耐光色牢度和耐溶剂色牢度均明显高于共混型荧光聚氨酯(PU/MBNA)乳胶膜.     

高对比度目标的电磁逆散射超分辨成像

提出了一种适用于高对比度目标的超分辨成像方法,通过结合对比度源反演方法与基于轨道角动量的超分辨技术,实现对高对比度目标的超分辨成像.首先采用基于轨道角动量的成像方法求解出对比度函数,将其作为对比度源反演方法的迭代初值,虽然初值结果与实际目标相差较大,但是由于初值中已经包含了关于目标的倏逝波信息,再利用这个初值开始迭代便可以得到超分辨重建结果,这种方法具有一定的抗噪声能力.本文研究表明,为了实现超分辨成像,一方面需要将目标对应的倏逝波信息转化到测量数据中,另一方面还要保证成像算法能够充分利用这些信息.本文所引申出的关于超分辨信息的概念对于逆散射超分辨成像的研究具有一定的借鉴意义.     

基于特征基函数的球面共形微带天线阵列分析

采用全波分析法对球面共形微带天线阵列进行了分析.相比体-面积分方程,采用球并矢格林函数的面积分方程法可以大幅减少未知量的数目,进而缓解计算机内存压力.微带天线阵列表面采用曲面三角形剖分,可较精确地模拟球面特性.首先,引入边界电荷以及半Rao-Wilton-Glisson基函数,成功实现了探针馈电,并采用镜像法解决了馈电边处线积分奇异问题.然后,采用特征基函数法降低了阻抗矩阵的阶数,并采取有效措施进一步节省内存和计算时间.最后,分析计算了不同尺寸的球面共形微带天线阵列的输入阻抗及远区场特性.与文献和仿真软件结果进行比较,证明了所提出的处理方法的正确性和有效性.     

微波消解电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法同时测定塑料中镉、铅、汞和铬

采用微波消解技术,电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法同时测定塑料中镉、铅、汞和铬.研究了消解程序和消解试剂,建立了塑料样品的微波消解方法.测定了多种浓度范围多种不同基体的塑料,RSD为1.8%-2.4%,回收率为97.3%-98.8%.通过测定有证参考物质和国际水平测试,证明该方法具有很好的准确度和精密度,适合同时测定各种塑料中镉、铅、汞和铬.     

交联聚苯乙烯-铂铬合物的合成及其催化的硅氢加成反应

首次合成了巯甲基化交联聚苯乙烯-铂络合物,将其用于催化不同结构的碳碳不饱和化合物与甲基二氯硅烷的加成反应,结果表明,该催化剂对乙炔、苯乙烯、苯乙炔、三烷基乙烯基硅烷等化合物具有很高的催化活性,对丙烯酸丁酯的催化活性显著降低,对甲基丙烯酸甲酯则无催化活性,该催化剂用于苯乙烯的硅氢加成反应,可重复使用20次,而且回收再用非常方便。