Derivatives of 2-sulfonamido-4,5-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid and of 2-carboxamido(2-chloroethyl)methylbenzenesulfonamides

Series of variously sustituted amides of 2-sulfonamido-4,5-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid have been prepared. The reaction of diethylamine, piperidine, morpholine and bis(2-chloroethyl)amine with carbo-methoxymethyl-3,4-dimethoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride produced the corresponding sulfonamido derivatives. Acid hydrolysis of the latter and action of thionyl chloride gave the chlorocarboxymethyl-benzenesulfonamides. The acid chlorides of the sulfonamides were transformed to the 2-carboxamido-bis(2-chloroethyl)methylbenzenesulfonamides with bis(2-chloroethyl)amine. These agents were tested in L-1210 and P-388 leukemias and were found not to possess antitumor activity in these two transplantable tumor lines.     

Steroidal thiazoles,isothiazoles, thiazolines and thiazolidines

In order to discover new useful steroids in which the cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene system is condensed with various heterocyclic rings, many new compounds are continually being synthesized and tested for physiological action. The thiazole, isothiazole, thiazoline and thiazolidine ring condensed on several positions of the steroidal skeleton, has shown great interest due to the physiological properties. Literature coverage for this review includes publications which appear from 1946 to the 1980′s.     

Beckmann rearrangement of 3-aza-a-homo-4α-androsten-4,17-dione oxime and 3-oxo-13α-amino-13,17-seco-4-androsten-17-oic 13,17-lactam oxime

Rearrangements of 3-aza-A-homo-4α-androsten-4, 17-dione oxime produced a mixture of the normal lactam product and the product of a “second order” cleavage, an unsaturated nitrile. The lactam 3, 17α-di-aza-A, D-bishomoandrost-4α-ene-4, 17-dione was also obtained from the rearrangement of the syn-3-oxo-13α-amino-13, 17-seco-4-androsten-17-oic-13, 17-lactam oxime. The resolution of syn- and anti-isomers of VIII was effected by column chromatography and their structure was determined by spectral data.     

On-line liquid-liquid extraction system using a new phase separator for flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of ultra-trace cadmium in natural waters

A robust flow injection (FI) on-line liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) preconcentration/separation system associated with a newly designed gravitational phase separator, coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was developed. The performance of the system was illustrated for cadmium determination at the μg l⁻¹ level. The non-charged cadmium complex with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) was extracted on-line into isobutyl methyl ketone (IBMK). The organic phase was effectively separated from a large volume of aqueous phase and is led into a 100 μl loop of an injection valve before its introduction into the nebulizer. The system was optimized and offered good performance characteristics with unlimited life time of phase separator, greater flow rate ratios and improved flexibility, as compared with other solvent extraction preconcentration systems. With a sampling frequency of 33 h⁻¹, the enhancement factor was 155, the detection limit was 0.02 μg l⁻¹, the relative standard deviation was 3.2% at 2.0 μg l⁻¹ Cd concentration level and the calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 0.06-6.0 μg l⁻¹. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by analyzing a certified reference material of water and by recovery measurements on spiked samples. Finally, it was successfully applied to the analysis of tapwater, river and seawater samples.     

Development of a Wine Metabolomics Approach for the Authenticity Assessment of Selected Greek Red Wines

Wine metabolomics constitutes a powerful discipline towards wine authenticity assessment through the simultaneous exploration of multiple classes of compounds in the wine matrix. Over the last decades, wines from autochthonous Greek grape varieties have become increasingly popular among wine connoisseurs, attracting great interest for their authentication and chemical characterization. In this work, 46 red wine samples from Agiorgitiko and Xinomavro grape varieties were collected from wineries in two important winemaking regions of Greece during two consecutive vintages and analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS). A targeted metabolomics methodology was developed, including the determination and quantification of 28 phenolic compounds from different classes (hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, stilbenes and flavonoids). Moreover, 86 compounds were detected and tentatively identified via a robust suspect screening workflow using an in-house database of 420 wine related compounds. Supervised chemometric techniques were employed to build an accurate and robust model to discriminate between two varieties.     

Performance of Thyme Oil@Na-Montmorillonite and Thyme Oil@Organo-Modified Montmorillonite Nanostructures on the Development of Melt-Extruded Poly-L-lactic Acid Antioxidant Active Packaging Films

Today, the use of natural biodegradable materials in the production processes is more and more adopted by industry to achieve cyclic economy targets and to improve environmental and human health indexes. Active packaging is the latest trend for food preservation. In this work, nanostructures were prepared by incorporation of thyme oil with natural natrium-montmorillonite and organo-montmorillonite with two different techniques, direct impregnation and the green evaporation–adsorption process. Such nanostructures were mixed with poly-L-lactic-acid for the first time via an extrusion molding process to develop a new packaging film. Comparisons of morphological, mechanical, and other basic properties for food packaging were carried out via XRD, FTIR, TG, SEM/EDS, oxygen and water vapor permeation, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity for the first time. Results showed that poly-L-lactic-acid could be modified with clays and essential oils to produce improved active packaging films. The final product exhibits food odor prevention characteristics and shelf-life extension capabilities, and it could be used for active packaging. The films based on OrgMt clay seems to be more promising, while the thyme oil addition improves their behavior as active packaging. The PLLA/3%TO@OrgMt and PLLA/5%TO@OrgMt films were qualified between the tested samples as the most promising materials for this purpose.     

Real radiation at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD: e+e- --> 2 jets through O(alpha2s)

We present a calculation of the differential two-jet cross section in e(+)e(-) annihilation through next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in the strong coupling constant alpha(s). The calculation is performed using a new method for dealing with real radiation suggested recently by us. For the first time, the two-jet event rate is computed directly, without any reference to the inclusive cross section e(+)e(-)-->hadrons. We also calculate the energy distribution of the leading jet in e(+)e(-)-->2 jets and find significant modifications of the shape of this distribution at NNLO.     

Dilepton rapidity distribution in the Drell-Yan process at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD

We compute the rapidity distribution of the virtual photon produced in the Drell-Yan process through next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. We introduce a powerful new method for calculating differential distributions in hard scattering processes. This method is based upon a generalization of the optical theorem; it allows the integration-by-parts technology developed for multiloop diagrams to be applied to noninclusive phase-space integrals, and permits a high degree of automation. We apply our results to the analysis of fixed-target experiments.     

Incompressible surfaces in handlebodies and isotopies

It is shown that every properly embedded incompressible surface in a handlebody can be constructed by a canonical gluing process. A simple condition is given which asserts that the result of the gluing process is an incompressible surface. A new notion of isotopy is introduced in order to distinguish surfaces belonging to distinct isotopy classes. Several examples (known and new) are constructed.