Recoil reactions of38Cl and128I in some heterocyclic systems

Halogen recoil following /n, / reaction has been studied in some heterocyclic systems. The organic yields are 60% for irradiation as solids: exceptions are dioxanide furoate /34%/ and 5-chloro isatoic anhydride /31%/. As solutions in 11 THF + benzene and 11 HTF+DMSO, these yields are lower by 10% and decrase further when only THF is the solvent. Mass-spectroscopy data revealed the possible fragmentation pattern.     

Pion absorption by16O using realistic interactions—II: Free pion absorption followed by emission of proton

Matrix element of the Gallilean invariant nonrelativistic reduction of the pseudoscalar-pseudovector interaction has been calculated for free pion absorption by a single nucleon inside the nucleus of¹⁶O. The Hartree-Fock wavefunctions obtained with the unitary-model-operator approach starting with the hard-core nucleon-nucleon interaction have been used for the π-capturing nucleon in the initial state. The initial pion distortion in the presence of nuclear field of the absorbing nucleus prior to its absorption together with the Coulomb interaction with the finite nuclear size has been taken into account. The distortion of the emitted proton in the field of the residual nucleus has also been considered. The differential cross-sections have been obtained and calculated results are compared with the previous experimental and theoretical work.     

Phenomenological renormalization of free nucleon-nucleon interaction

Low-lying spectra of⁶Li,¹⁸F,¹⁸O,⁴²Sc,⁴²Ca,⁵⁸Ni and⁹²Zr are studied with Sussex matrix elements (SME) and their central, spin-orbit and tensor components. It is observed that major contribution to level energies comes from the central part, while the tensor part provides the finer details of spectra, particularly forT=0 levels. The spin-orbit part does not make any appreciable contribution to level energies. A phenomenological renormalization of the SME is carried out to improve the agreement with the experimental results. It turns out that some of the low-lyingT=0 levels can be satisfactorily described if the SME in the³S₁ relative state are made (1+α) times their bare interaction value, whereα is a constant to be determined from a comparison with experimental level energies. Similarly, forT=1 levels, better agreement with the experimental results is obtained if aδ-function-plus-quadrupole interaction is added to the SME.     

Exergy and exergo-environmental analysis of a 660 MW supercritical coal-fired power plant

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - This paper presents the exergy and exergo-environmental analysis of the 660 MW supercritical coal-fired unit situated in western India. The...     

Solution-processed electrochemical synthesis of ZnFe2O4 photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Herein, we report the synthesis of ZnO nanorod films onto FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) substrates using the solution-processed electrodeposition method....     

Neem Oil As Pesticide

Use of synthetic pesticides has resulted into health hazards, ecological imbalance, resistance in pests and environmental pollution.1 Singh, R. 1997. “Studies in formulation of pesticide emulsion”. India: UDCT, University of Mumbai. , Ph.D. Thesis [Google Scholar] Neem oil is natural pesticide and has excellent insecticidal properties. Hence, attempts are being made to develop neem oil emulsions to be used as pesticide. Surfactants like castor‐oil based, nonyl phenol‐based, sodium lauryl sulphate, and calcium alkyl benzene sulphonate were tried to develop stable emulsions. Neem extract based emulsifiable concentrates were prepared by using methanol. Stability of emulsion as a function of type of surfactants, hydrophile‐lipophile balance (HLB) of surfactants and hardness of water was studied. Larvasidal effects of emulsions and emulsifiable concentrates were examined. Laboratory experiments have shown effectiveness of these emulsions and emulsifiable concentrates as pesticide.     

Anaerobic biological treatment of dye bearing water in anaerobic sequencing batch reactor: Performance and kinetics studies

Textile and dye industries are main sources of dye bearing effluent. In present studies the anaerobic biological degradation of Acid Red 3BN dye water (AR3BNDW) and mixed dye water (MDW) for reduction of color and COD were studied in sequential batch reactor (SBR). The sludge as sources of microorganism was arranged from maize processing bio methanation wastewater treatment plant, which was acclimatized for treatment of AR3BNDW and MDW. After the acclimatization, dyes degradation were studied in SBR At optimum operation condition of hydraulics retention time (HRT) = 2.5 d, and treatment time (t_R) = 16 h, AR3BNDW have gone maximum 87% color reduction of 500 mg/L dye, and 82.8% COD reduction of 380 mg/L COD. At same operating condition, 84.5% color reduction of 500 mg/L dye, and 79.42% COD reduction of 413 mg/L COD achieved for MDW. The second order Grau model was fitted well for COD and dye reductions. The kinetics parameter were evaluated for both the dye water.     

Heavy-ion fusion cross-section calculations in classical microscopic equations of motion approach

Fusion cross-sections for¹⁶O +¹⁶O reaction earlier calculated in classical microscopic equations of motion approach, with Lennard-Jones form ofNN interaction potential are overestimated compared to the experimental data at lower energies. This large deviation was attributed to possible break down of classical approximations at lower energies. The aim of this paper is to show that this discrepancy was rather due to certain assumptions made in the specification of initial conditions; in particular due to neglect of Coulomb interaction between the colliding ions at far off distances. Use of Lennard-Jones potential is also critically examined.     

Parameters optimization of selected casting processes using teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm

In the present work, mathematical models of three important casting processes are considered namely squeeze casting, continuous casting and die casting for the parameters optimization of respective processes. A recently developed advanced optimization algorithm named as teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) is used for the parameters optimization of these casting processes. Each process is described with a suitable example which involves respective process parameters. The mathematical model related to the squeeze casting is a multi-objective problem whereas the model related to the continuous casting is multi-objective multi-constrained problem and the problem related to the die casting is a single objective problem. The mathematical models which are considered in the present work were previously attempted by genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithms. However, attempt is made in the present work to minimize the computational efforts using the TLBO algorithm. Considerable improvements in results are obtained in all the cases and it is believed that a global optimum solution is achieved in the case of die casting process.