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The photosulfochlorination of n-tetradecane by sulfuryl chloride leads to a reaction mixture containing unreacted n-tetradecane, chloro n-tetradecanes and n-tetradecanesulfonyl chlorides. Direct and simultaneous GC analysis of the mixture of the sulfochlorinated and chlorinated isomers is followed by mass spectrometry identification of all the components either by electron impact (EI-MS) and by negative and positive chemical ionisation (NCI-MS and PCI-MS). With the goal of performing an accurate quantitative GC analysis, and as n-tetradecanesulfonyl chlorides prone to degrade partially into the corresponding chlorides, the former are converted to N,N-diethylsufonamides, more stable thermally, and then analysed by GC/EI-MS and GC/PCI-MS. The chloro n-tetradecanes, sulfonylchlorides and sulfonamides spectra present strong similarities. However, some differences between terminal and internal isomers are noticed and the peculiar behaviour of sulfonamides is emphasized. 相似文献
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Mohamed Nedjhioui Jean Paul Canselier Aicha Bensmaili 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(9):1333-1341
Aqueous solutions containing sodium dodecyl sulphate, xanthan gum, and salt were characterized by ionic conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension methods. A preliminary experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of the mixture compositions on the surface behavior of the mixed polymer/surfactant systems under different solution conditions. An experimental design using response surface method (RSM) was then applied to assess factors interactions and empirical models regarding the physicochemical responses variables (i.e., conductivity, surface tension and viscosity). The main effects of the three independent factors: SDS concentration (x1), NaCl concentration (x2) and xanthan concentration (x3) were determined using in particular a D-optimal design. The results show an important effect of the factors on responses; they also indicate that the synergetic action of surfactant, electrolyte and biopolymer greatly influences these properties. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed high variance coefficient (R 2 ) values, thus, ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the second-order regression model with the experimental data. 相似文献
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Audrey Devatine Jean Paul Canselier Nadine Gabas Joël Jaud 《Journal of chemical crystallography》2003,33(2):85-90
The new crystal and molecular structures of a less common hydrated calcium L(–)-malate (calcium (2S) 2-hydroxybutanedioate trihydrate) Ca(C4H4O5)3H2O, are reported. X-ray crystallographic data are as follows: a = 6.6460(3) Å, b = 8.3795(3) Å, c = 8.2707(4) Å, = 112.640(2)°, V = 425.1(4) Å3, space group P21 (No. 4), Z = 2, D
calc = 1.767 g cm–3. The calcium ion coordination number is seven. One of the three water molecules present in the unit cell is less strongly bound, only interacting with a calcium ion. In aqueous or hydroalcoholic solution, both di- and trihydrated species crystallize simultaneously. 相似文献
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Mixed micelle formation and surface tension reduction effectiveness (γcmc) were investigated for the following systems: triethanolammonium dodecylpoly(oxyethylene)sulfate (TADPS, containing about
two ethylene oxide units)/dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, TADPS/hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and TADPS/hexadecylpyridinium
chloride. For all these anionic/cationic systems, the mixed critical micelle concentration (cmc) values reflect a strong synergism
in mixed micelle formation, with βM values ranging from −13.8 to −18.3. The mixed micelle composition is mixing-ratio dependent and, for equimolar mixtures,
the mixed micelle is richer in the surfactant with the lower cmc. Precipitation is inhibited to a certain extent, thanks to
the presence of ethylene oxide groups in the anionic species. The conditions for synergism in γcmc, differently expressed in the literature, can be derived from the surface tension equations established in our previous article.
They can be conveniently described by a few characteristic constants: Γ
i
∞ (saturated Gibbs excess), K
i
(constant in the Szyszkowski equation), the cmc of the individual surfactants and the interaction parameters, βS and βM, of their mixtures. Excellent agreement between theoretically predicted and experimental results is obtained. With the increase
in surfactant chain length, the βM values decrease faster than the βS ones and this can result in the loss of synergism in γcmc.
Received: 11 June 2000 Accepted: 4 September 2000 相似文献
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To deal with the mixed adsorption of nonideal ternary surfactant systems, the regular solution approximation for nonideal binary surfactant systems is extended and a pseudo-binary system treatment is also proposed. With both treatments, the compositions of the mixed monolayer and the solution concentrations required to produce given surface tensions can be predicted based only on the -LogC curves of individual surfactants and the pair interaction parameters. Conversely, the surface tensions of solutions with different bulk compositions can be predicted by the surface tension equations for mixed surfactant systems. Two ternary systems: SDS/Hyamine 1622/AEO7, composed of homogeneous surfactants, and AES/DPCl/AEO9, composed of commercial surfactants, in the presence of excess NaCl, are examined for the applicability of the two treatments. The results show that, in general, the pseudo-binary system treatment gives better prediction than the extended regular solution approximation, and the applicability of the latter to typical anionic/cationic/nonionic nonideal ternary surfactant systems seems to depend on the combined interaction parameter,
: the more it deviates from zero, the larger the prediction difference. If
0, good agreements between predicted and experimental results can be obtained and both treatments, though differently derived, are interrelated and tend to be equivalent.Poster presentation at the 14th SIS conference, June 2002, Barcelona 相似文献
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J. P. Canselier 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(6):625-644
Crystallization phenomena and processes may be greatly affected by the addition of surfactants, which play an important rote in nucleation and growth kinetics and can substantially modify both habit and size distribution of crystal products. Moreover, scaling in industrial equipments and caking in storage tanks can be reduced and re-dissolution more easily accomplished. All these effects are related to adsorption of surfactant molecules onto crystal faces. Other applications of surfactants in crystallization processes involve nucleation induced by amphiphilic films, and micelle or microemulsion solubilization of nuclei. The above aspects are thoroughly reviewed through literature data. 相似文献
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J. P. Canselier H. Delmas A. M. Wilhelm B. Abismaïl 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(1-3):333-349
Fundamentals and applications of ultrasound emulsification are reviewed. The importance of cavitation is stressed, as also is power input to the multiphase fluid. The influence of surfactants, polymeric stabilizers, temperature, pressure, and ultrasonic parameters such as frequency, residence time, acoustic intensity, and energy density are described. The effects of other physicochemical parameters such as emulsifier concentration, disperse phase volume fraction, and viscosity are discussed. Applications to both water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions are discussed. 相似文献