Q过程的不变分布(Ⅱ)

设E为一个可数集,Q=（qi,j;i,j∈E）为E×E上的矩阵,满足m为E上的概率分布满足何时存在Q过程,使得m是它的不变分布? 这个问题由Williams（1979）作为一个开问题提出.文[15]对全稳定情形,解决了这个问题;本文对单瞬时情形,完整地解决了该问题.     

An unusual bioactive oleanane triterpenoid from Rhododendron campanulatum D.Don

An unusual oleanane triterpene(1) was isolated from aerial parts of Rhododendron campanulatum.The compound had shown prominent antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities.The structure of the compound was determined by spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis.     

载体对负载钴催化剂CH_4/CO_2重整反应的影响

采用固定床微反应器、利用 XRD及 TPR技术研究了载体对负载于 γ- Al2 O3、Si O2 和HZSM- 5分子筛上的 Co催化剂的 CH4/ CO2 重整制合成气反应性能的影响 .结果表明 ,金属与载体之间的相互作用是影响催化剂活性和稳定性的重要因素 .HZSM- 5是一种优良载体 ,但硅铝比较低易积炭 ;Co/ Si O2 及低负载量的 Co/ Al2 O3催化剂活性较低易失活 ,其失活原因前者为 Co0 晶粒的烧结 ,后者为 Co0 向 Co Al2 O4的转变 .探讨了金属 -载体相互作用与催化剂性能之间的关系     

Genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride on human amniotic fluid cells cultured in vitro

In this study we report the results of cytogenetic tests, namely a search for chromosome aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), performed on human amniotic fluid cells cultured and treated with Cadmium chloride. The cells from primary cultures were exposed to CdCl2 at 1 microM and 10 microM for 24 h. At the higher dose, no metaphases were scored and at the lower dose (1 microM) no effects were evident on cell proliferation, and no chromosome aberrations were found. In the subsequent experiments we used cells from subcultures exposed to 1 microM and 5 microM CdCl2. At the 5 microM dose was evident the induction of chromatid breaks, while the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges shows a small increase, not statistically significant at the dose of 1 microM. In this study we positively demonstrated that amniotic fluid cells grown in vitro are reliable for testing various mutagenic or teratogenic substances. With regard to cadmium treatment results, it is evident a clastogenic effect of cadmium chloride but not a significant induction of SCEs.     

Electrostatic self-assembly of CdS nanowires-nitrogen doped graphene nanocomposites for enhanced visible light photocatalysis

CdS nanowires-nitrogen doped graphene(CdS NWs-NGR) nanocomposites have been fabricated by an electrostatic self-assembly strategy followed by a hydrothermal reduction. The CdS NWs-NGR exhibits higher photoactivity for selective reduction of aromatic nitro organics in water under visible light irradiation than blank CdS nanowires(CdS NWs) and CdS nanowires-reduced graphene oxide(CdS NWs-RGO)nanocomposites. The enhanced photoactivity of CdS NWs-NGR can be attributed to the improved electronic conductivity due to the introduction of nitrogen atoms, which thus enhances the separation and transfer of charge carriers photogenerated from CdS NWs.Our work could provide a facile method to synthesize NGR based one-dimensional(1D) semiconductor composites for selective organic transformations, and broaden the potential applications for NGR as a cocatalyst.     

Abaissement différé de la limite apparente d'élasticité des aciers après une déformation sous une tension atteignant cette limite

Résumé Le fluage des aciers doux, demi-durs et durs possédant une limite apparente d'élasticité se présente sous la forme particulière d'un écoulement rapide et différé, lorsque ces aciers ont été d'abord soumis à un étirage sous une tension atteignant la limite apparente d'élasticité et lorsqu'ils ont été soumis immédiatement après décharge à l'effet d'une charge permanente de fluage réalisant une tension inférieure à la limite apparente d'élasticité.Plusieurs essais de fluage et de relaxation ont été réalisés dans ces conditions pour déterminer l'ordre de grandeur de la tension la plus basse susceptible de provoquer cet écoulement caractéristique.

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Summary The creep of different kinds of steels with a yield point has the particular form of a delayed yield when the bars have previously been strained at a stress equal to the yield point and afterwards submitted to creep under a constant stress lower than the yield point.Several creep and relaxation tests have been performed under these conditions in order to appreciate the lower stress which is able to produce the delayed yield.

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Zusammenfassung Das Kriechen der Stähle von verschiedener Güte mit natürlicher Streckgrenze stellt sich dar in charakteristischer Form eines verspäteten Fließens, wenn diese Stähle zuerst beim Zuge bis zur Streckgrenze verformt werden und dann nach Entspannung dem Kriechversuch übergeben werden unter eine Zugspannung kleiner als die Streckgrenze.Mehrere Kriech- und Relaxationsversuche wurden in diesen Angelegenheiten durchgeführt, um die kleinste Zugspannung zu bestimmen, welche noch geeignet ist, das verspätete Fließen zu bewirken.

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Professeur à l'Université de Liège, directeur des Laboratoires d'Essais des Constructions du Génie Civil.

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Agrégé à l'Université de Liège, chef de section aux Laboratoires d'Essais des Constructions du Génie Civil.     

Using FTIR spectroscopy to detect sericin on historic silk

Silks represent some of the most precious ancient and historic textile artefacts in collections worldwide.Their optimum preservation demands an appreciation of their characteristics.One important concern,especially with regard to ancient Chinese silks,is whether the fabrics have been degummed.Silks with remnant sericin gum coating the fibroin fibres would require different conservation protocol.In previous research on aged silks,the presence of sericin has been inferred from amino acid analysis of hydrolysa...     

Studies in cyclocopolymerization. V. Further evidence for charge-transfer complexes in cyclocopolymerization

Previous work from this laboratory has shown that certain 1,4-dienes which readily undergo cyclocopolymerization with certain alkenes also form charge-transfer complexes with the same alkenes. The results observed and the proposed cyclocopolymerization mechanism are consistent with participation of the charge-transfer complex as a distinct species in the copolymerization. It was the purpose of this investigation to determine whether there was a dilution effect on the relative reactivities of the monomers in support of the charge-transfer participation concept, and whether the results of a suitable terpolymerization study would also support this postulate. In the divinyl ether–fumaronitrile system, the maximum rate of copolymerization occurred at a monomer feed ratio of 1:2 and the composition of the copolymer was also 1:2 at a total monomer concentration of 3 mole/l. However, when the concentration was progressively lowered to 0.5 mole/l. at the same monomer feed ratio, the fumaronitrile content of the copolymer decreased in a linear manner. In a series of terpolymerization experiments with the divinyl ether–maleic anhydride–acrylonitrile system, it was shown that the divinyl ether–maleic anhydride ratio in the terpolymer was always less than 1:1 and had an upper limit of 1:2, regardless of the feed ratio of the termonomers. These results are consistent with the participation of the charge-transfer complex of divinyl ether and maleic anhydride in a copolymerization process with either maleic anhydride or acrylonitrile as the comonomer.     

A New Catalyst System V-Cs-Cu-Tl for Selective Oxidation of p-tert Butyl Toluene to p-tert Benzaldehyde

p-tert benzaldehyde is an important raw material of chemical industry. It is widely used in foodstuff, medicine and also used as intermediates of perfume. The conventional method of production of p-tert benzaldehyde resulted in waste water, which is easy to cause environmental pollution1-3. We tried to produce p-tert benzaldehyde from catalytic gas phase selective oxidation method. The study of the gas phase selective oxidation of p-tert butyl toluene to p-tert benzaldehyde is sparsely reporte…     

Separation of Six Pyridoncarboylxic Acid Derivatives by Micellar and Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) are two kinds of electrokinetic capillary chromatography (EKC), which are characterized of high solubilization capacity and separation efficiency. In our previous work, some polar organic compounds and hydrophobic neutral compounds were separated successfully by EKC1-3. In this paper, these methods were used for separating six pyridoncarboylxic acid derivatives with similar structures. T…