Wastes from Wood Extraction Used in Composite Materials: Behavior after Accelerated Weathering

New materials were obtained by incorporating in polypropylene (PP) matrix 60% wood wastes resulting after extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide, water, and ethanol. Structural, mechanical, thermal, and rheological characterizations, as well as moisture uptake of the composites, were evaluated before and after accelerated weathering. It was found that the extraction method influenced the composite properties due to the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance. The addition of extracted fibers results in an increase in hardness and tensile properties and a decrease of impact strength as compared to PP.     

New PP/PLA/cellulose composites: effect of cellulose functionalization on accelerated weathering behavior (accelerated weathering behavior of new PP/PLA/cellulose composites)

Polylactic acid (PLA) was used as partial replacement for conventional thermoplastic matrix, new composites comprising cellulose, polypropylene (PP), and PLA being realized. In order to obtain a compatible interface between cellulosic pulp and polymeric matrix, two chemical modifications of cellulose with stearoyl chloride and toluene di‐isocyanate (TDI) were performed, structural changes being evidenced by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The composite materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic scanning calorimetry, impact, tensile and melt rheological tests, surface tension, and dynamic vapor sorption. Because promising results for impact strength and Young modulus were recorded when replacing 15% of PP with PLA in blends of PP with the same cellulosic pulp load, the aim of our study was to assess the behavior to accelerate weathering of composites comprising PP, cellulosic pulp, and PLA. Although the slight decrease in the mechanical properties was recorded after accelerated weathering, the use of functionalized cellulose successfully prevented the deterioration of surface materials, especially for composite comprising stearoyl chloride treated cellulose pulp. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

直接键连原子间的NMR偶合常数的自然杂化轨道研究V.~(13)C-~(13)C和~(13)C-~(31)P核自旋偶合常数~1J_(CC)和~1J_(CP)

在前文工作的基础上，结合ＭＮＤＯ／ＥＨＭＯ分子轨道方法和自然杂化轨道方法，具体计算了ＣＣ键和ＣＰ键的核自旋偶合常数．计算结果表明，１ＪＣＣ和１ＪＣＰ主要由成键原子的轨道杂化作用和键极性这两种结构因素所决定．为从简单价键理论角度解释和计算１ＪＣＣ和１ＪＣＰ值提供了简便直观的方法．     

Mass spectrometry‐based proteomics of oxidative stress: Identification of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE) adducts of amino acids using lysozyme and bovine serum albumin as model proteins

Modification of proteins by 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE), a reactive by‐product of ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation, on specific amino acid residues is considered a biomarker for oxidative stress, as occurs in many metabolic, hereditary, and age‐related diseases. HNE modification of amino acids can occur either via Michael addition or by formation of Schiff‐base adducts. These modifications typically occur on cysteine (Cys), histidine (His), and/or lysine (Lys) residues, resulting in an increase of 156 Da (Michael addition) or 138 Da (Schiff‐base adducts), respectively, in the mass of the residue. Here, we employed biochemical and mass spectrometry (MS) approaches to determine the MS “signatures” of HNE‐modified amino acids, using lysozyme and BSA as model proteins. Using direct infusion of unmodified and HNE‐modified lysozyme into an electrospray quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer, we were able to detect up to seven HNE modifications per molecule of lysozyme. Using nanoLC‐MS/MS, we found that, in addition to N‐terminal amino acids, Cys, His, and Lys residues, HNE modification of arginine (Arg), threonine (Thr), tryptophan (Trp), and histidine (His) residues can also occur. These sensitive and specific methods can be applied to the study of oxidative stress to evaluate HNE modification of proteins in complex mixtures from cells and tissues under diseased versus normal conditions.     

Study of the ferrodistorsive orbital ordering in NaNiO2 by neutron diffraction and submillimeter wave ESR

NaNiO₂ has been studied by neutron-powder diffraction, magnetic susceptibility and submillimeter wave ESR. The monoclinic structure at room temperature is characterised by a ferrodistorsive orbital ordering due to the Jahn-Teller (JT) effect of the Ni³⁺ ions in the low spin state. NaNiO₂ undergoes a structural transition at around 480 K, above which the orbital ordering disappears. The high temperature phase is rhombohedral with the layered -NaFeO₂ structure ( space group). The magnetic susceptibility exhibits hysteresis and we observe a change of the Curie-Weiss law parameters above the JT transition. The anisotropy of the g-factor at 200 K can be attributed to the JT effect which favours the orbital occupation. Finally, the interplay between the magnetic and structural properties of NaNiO₂ and Li_1-xNi_1+xO₂ is discussed. Received 29 May 2000     

On the compatibility of the IPP/PA6/EPDM blends with and without functionalized IPP I. Thermo-oxidative behaviour

Binary isotactic polypropylene (IPP)/polyamide 6 (PA6) and ternary IPP/PA6/ethylene–propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) blends in various ratios were obtained in a Haake Rheocord mixer. Processing behaviour was changed in the presence of IPP functionalized with bismaleimide (BMI), maleic anhydride (MA) and acrylic acid (AA) as reactive compatibilizing agents. The thermal and thermo-oxidative behaviour of blends was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. The functionalized IPPs modify the crystallinity degree and the decomposition behaviour of both IPP and PA6 as a result of chemical reactions of functional groups with those of the PA6. The changes depend on the IPP/PA6 or IPP/PA6/EPDM ratio, the chemical nature and amount of the functionalized IPP. On the basis of the processing and thermal data one can conclude that the compatibilizing agent effect increases in the following order: IPP-AA 相似文献   

具有切向控制的局部四点插值曲线设计方法

Ｎｉｒａ Ｄｙｎ等提出的四点插值法是一种典型的自由曲线离散造型方法，但该方法不能控制插值点的切向。本文利用薄板样很可能 量的极小化原理给出了具有切向控制的四点分插值条件。用户可以方便地交互控制任一插值点的切向，使得四点插值法更为有效和实用。     

Applications of MALDI-MS/MS-Based Proteomics in Biomedical Research

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most widely used techniques in proteomics to achieve structural identification and characterization of proteins and peptides, including their variety of proteoforms due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) or protein–protein interactions (PPIs). MALDI-MS and MALDI tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) have been developed as analytical techniques to study small and large molecules, offering picomole to femtomole sensitivity and enabling the direct analysis of biological samples, such as biofluids, solid tissues, tissue/cell homogenates, and cell culture lysates, with a minimized procedure of sample preparation. In the last decades, structural identification of peptides and proteins achieved by MALDI-MS/MS helped researchers and clinicians to decipher molecular function, biological process, cellular component, and related pathways of the gene products as well as their involvement in pathogenesis of diseases. In this review, we highlight the applications of MALDI ionization source and tandem approaches for MS for analyzing biomedical relevant peptides and proteins. Furthermore, one of the most relevant applications of MALDI-MS/MS is to provide “molecular pictures”, which offer in situ information about molecular weight proteins without labeling of potential targets. Histology-directed MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) uses MALDI-ToF/ToF or other MALDI tandem mass spectrometers for accurate sequence analysis of peptide biomarkers and biological active compounds directly in tissues, to assure complementary and essential spatial data compared with those obtained by LC-ESI-MS/MS technique.     

Proteomics analysis of human breast milk by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) coupled with mass spectrometry to assess breast cancer risk

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers and one of the most common causes for cancer-related mortality. Discovery of protein biomarkers associated with cancer is considered important for early diagnosis and prediction of the cancer risk. Protein biomarkers could be investigated by large-scale protein investigation or proteomics, using mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques. Our group applies MS-based proteomics to study the protein pattern in human breast milk from women with BC and controls and investigates the alterations and dysregulations of breast milk proteins in comparison pairs of BC versus control. These dysregulated proteins might be considered potential future biomarkers of BC. Identification of potential biomarkers in breast milk may benefit young women without BC, but who could collect the milk for future assessment of BC risk. Previously we identified several dysregulated proteins in different sets of human breast milk samples from BC patients and controls using gel-based protein separation coupled with MS. Here, we performed 2D-PAGE coupled with nano-liquid chromatography–tandem MS (nanoLC-MS/MS) in a small-scale study on a set of six human breast milk pairs (three BC samples vs. three controls) and we identified several dysregulated proteins that have potential roles in cancer progression and might be considered potential BC biomarkers in the future.     

Magnetic structure of the spin-1/2 layer compound NaNiO2

We have carried out high resolution neutron powder diffraction experiments aiming at a determination of the magnetic structure of the S=1/2 layer compound NaNiO2. The magnetic moments are ferromagnetically aligned in the NiO2 layers and antiparallel between layers. The direction of the magnetic moment has a small component along the a-direction.