Potential and Current Distributions in Chlorine Diaphragm Electrolyzers with Gas Removal from the Back Side of External Electrodes and Possibility of Electrolysis Intensification

The cell voltage balance components of monopolar and bipolar electrolyzers were analyzed on the basis of calculations in terms of a mathematical model of the potential and current distributions along the cell height and tests of a laboratory electrolyzer of industrial height. Ways to diminish energy expenditure and to intensify diaphragm electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solutions were substantiated theoretically and experimentally.     

Spatially nonuniform distribution of magnetization in laser-irradiated ferromagentic materials

Ferromagnetic austenite–martensite steels are laser-irradiated to obtain spatially nonuniform distribution of magnetization. An original setup that employs the Faraday effect in epitaxial ferrite-garnet films is used to visualize and measure the spatial distribution of magnetization in steels that are processed with the aid of a fiber laser at different scanning rates. It is demonstrated that rapid laser heating of samples causes modification of the microstructure from the martensite state to the austenite state that provides paramagnetic properties.