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The steady-state flux through a singly occupied membrane channel is found for both discrete and continuum models of the solute dynamics in the channel. The former describes the dynamics as nearest-neighbor jumps between N sites, while the latter assumes that the molecule diffuses in a one-dimensional potential of mean force. For both models it is shown that the flux is the same as that for a simple two-site model with appropriately chosen rate constants, which contain all the relevant information about the more detailed dynamics. An interesting consequence of single occupancy is that the flux has a maximum as a function of the channel-solute interaction. If this interaction is too attractive, the molecule will never leave the channel, thus blocking it for the passage of other molecules. If it is too repulsive, the solute molecule will never enter the channel. Thus the flux vanishes in the two limits and, hence, has a maximum somewhere in-between. In the framework of the diffusion model, we find the optimal intrachannel potential of mean force that maximizes the flux using the calculus of variations. For a symmetric channel this potential is flat and occupies the entire channel. In the general case of an asymmetric channel, the optimal potential is obtained by tilting the optimal flat potential for the corresponding symmetric channel around the channel center, so that the solute is driven towards the reservoir with the lower solute concentration by a constant force. This implies that the flux is higher when the solute binding near the channel exit is stronger than that near the entrance. 相似文献
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Weinrich M Nanda H Worcester DL Majkrzak CF Maranville BB Bezrukov SM 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2012,28(10):4723-4728
X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of a binary lipid membrane demonstrate that halothane at physiological concentrations produces a pronounced redistribution of lipids between domains of different lipid types identified by different lamellar d-spacings and isotope composition. In contrast, dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6), a halogenated nonanesthetic, does not produce such significant effects. These findings demonstrate a specific effect of inhalational anesthetics on mixing phase equilibria of a lipid mixture. 相似文献
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L. B. Bezrukov V. P. Zavarzina A. S. Kurlovich B. K. Lubsandorzhiev A. K. Mezhokh V. P. Morgaluk V. V. Sinev 《Doklady Physics》2018,63(5):177-179
Based on the hydridic Earth model, we propose a hydridic model of the Earth’s electric field. The model predicts that the negative electrode of the Earth’s capacitor is located under the Earth’s crust and the Earth’s fluids carry a positive charge. We have observed an excess of positive charge in the Earth’s crust down to kilometer depths. The model explains the unitary variation of the fair-weather atmospheric electric field strength, the change in atmospheric electric field strength and the precipitation of high-energy electrons during earthquakes. 相似文献
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Sergei L. Bezrukov 《Discrete Mathematics》2008,308(11):2067-2074
We introduce a new graph for all whose cartesian powers the vertex isoperimetric problem has nested solutions. This is the fourth kind of graphs with this property besides the well-studied graphs like hypercubes, grids, and tori. In contrast to the mentioned graphs, our graph is not bipartite. We present an exact solution to the vertex isoperimetric problem on our graph by introducing a new class of orders that unifies all known isoperimetric orders defined on the cartesian powers of graphs. 相似文献
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Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics - We analyze the capabilities of bistatic multipositional facilities with correlation signal processing for the purposes of enhancing significantly the... 相似文献
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Veselov Mark S. Ivanenkov Yan A. Yamidanov Renat S. Osterman Ilya A. Sergiev Petr V. Aladinskiy Vladimir A. Aladinskaya Anastasia V. Terentiev Victor A. Ayginin Andrey A. Skvortsov Dmitry A. Komarova Katerina S. Chemeris Alexey V. Baimiev Alexey Kh. Sofronova Alina A. Machulkin Alexey E. Petrov Rostislav A. Maklakova Svetlana Yu. Bezrukov Dmitry S. Filkov Gleb I. Zainullina Liana F. Maximova Marina A. Zileeva Zulfiya R. Kartsev Victor G. Vakhitova Yulia V. Dontsova Olga A. 《Molecular diversity》2020,24(1):233-239
Molecular Diversity - A series of 5-oxo-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives was identified as novel class of highly potent antibacterial agents during an extensive large-scale high-throughput... 相似文献
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I. R. Barabanov L. B. Bezrukov S. V. Kianovsky V. N. Kornoukhov 《Physics of Atomic Nuclei》2010,73(11):1809-1813
The rate of 68Ge production at sea level under the effect of the nuclear component of cosmic rays is calculated. The calculation is based
on the experimental values of the cross sections for 68Ge production in natural- and enriched-germanium targets (enrichment in 76Ge) irradiated with high-energy protons. The background from the decays of 68Ge can be a serious problem in new-generation experiments devoted to searches for the 2β0ν decay of 76Ge. 相似文献