自由基反应诱导的溴功能化还原氧化石墨烯的制备

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)为溴代试剂,硫代硫酸钠为还原剂,通过羧基化、溴化和还原三步法,采用自由基反应的方式制备了溴功能化还原氧化石墨烯(rGOBr).通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、拉曼光谱以及X射线光电子能谱等手段对rGOBr的结构、微观形貌和元素组成进行了表征.结果表明,溴元素以共价键的形式分布在石墨烯表面.本方法原料来源广泛、操作简单且条件温和,为石墨烯的溴功能化提供了一条新途径.     

部分还原氧化石墨烯-Fe3O4对水中Mn(Ⅱ)的快速去除

采用改进的Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO), 继而用一步共沉淀法制备了部分还原氧化石墨烯-四氧化三铁复合物(PRGO-Fe₃O₄). 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、 场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、 X射线能量色散光谱(EDX)、 高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、 选区电子衍射(SAED)及傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等技术对其进行了分析表征; 考察了pH值、 接触时间、 吸附材料用量、 共存物质、 GO的还原、 循环使用次数等因素对Mn(Ⅱ)吸附行为的影响. 结果表明, PRGO-Fe₃O₄中Fe₃O₄颗粒分布均匀, 大小为15~20 nm, 剩磁和矫顽力均很小. 因Fe₃O₄颗粒的锚定作用, 石墨烯片层很薄, 使PRGO-Fe₃O₄对Mn(Ⅱ)表现出高效的吸附性能和良好的循环使用性能: 当pH=7、 PRGO-Fe₃O₄用量为500 mg/g时, 对201.3211 mg/L的Mn(Ⅱ)溶液仅3 min即达吸附平衡, 吸附率和吸附量分别为99.35%和404.49 mg/g, 磁分离仅需10 s, 经5次循环吸附后, 容量保持率为首次的78%. 机理与热力学研究结果表明, 吸附为吸热、 自发的单层化学吸附.     

部分还原氧化石墨烯-Fe_3O_4对水中Mn(Ⅱ)的快速去除

采用改进的Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),继而用一步共沉淀法制备了部分还原氧化石墨烯-四氧化三铁复合物(PRGO-Fe_3O_4).采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线能量色散光谱(EDX)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)及傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等技术对其进行了分析表征;考察了p H值、接触时间、吸附材料用量、共存物质、GO的还原、循环使用次数等因素对Mn(Ⅱ)吸附行为的影响.结果表明,PRGO-Fe_3O_4中Fe_3O_4颗粒分布均匀,大小为15~20 nm,剩磁和矫顽力均很小.因Fe_3O_4颗粒的锚定作用,石墨烯片层很薄,使PRGO-Fe_3O_4对Mn(Ⅱ)表现出高效的吸附性能和良好的循环使用性能:当p H=7、PRGO-Fe_3O_4用量为500 mg/g时,对201.3211 mg/L的Mn(Ⅱ)溶液仅3 min即达吸附平衡,吸附率和吸附量分别为99.35%和404.49 mg/g,磁分离仅需10 s,经5次循环吸附后,容量保持率为首次的78%.机理与热力学研究结果表明,吸附为吸热、自发的单层化学吸附.     

自支撑三维功能化石墨烯/聚苯胺电极材料的制备及超级电容性能

采用水热法制备了三维石墨烯(3D-G),并以十八胺(ODA)为接枝剂对部分还原的氧化石墨烯进行氨基化处理,再利用原位聚合法在氨基化石墨烯表面生长聚苯胺,制备了十八胺功能化石墨烯/聚苯胺(G-ODA/PANI).对材料进行了结构表征、电化学性能分析和材料结构的比电容贡献分析.结果显示,电极材料的电容贡献大部分体现为材料的表面电容,G-ODA/PANI电极片在1 A/g电流密度时的比电容最高可达1080 F/g,是未功能化石墨烯/聚苯胺电极材料(G/PANI)的2.57倍,且循环稳定性也有很大的提高,循环10000周后的比容量保持率为90.8%,比G/PANI高9.6%.     

Removal performance and mechanism of Fe3O4/graphene oxide as an efficient and recyclable adsorbent toward aqueous Hg(II)

Decontamination of aqueous heavy metal is a challenging task of environmental remediation. Herein, we demonstrated an adsorptive method for efficient removal of aqueous Hg(II) using a magnetic nanocomposite Fe₃O₄/graphene oxide (Fe₃O₄/GO). Adsorption of Hg(II) onto Fe₃O₄/GO equilibrated in 4 min, with the adsorption percent and quantity of 91.17% and 547.01 mg g^?1, respectively. Fe₃O₄/GO can be easily recovered from solution via magnetic separation for reuse, and retaining 73.5% of its original capacity after five consecutive cycles. The Temkin model and PSO model were most suitable for describing adsorption in equilibrium and non-equilibrium state, respectively. Both GO and Fe₃O₄ adsorbed Hg(II) via donating electrons in oxygen atoms toward Hg(II). Moreover, GO made a major contribution, while Fe₃O₄ made a minor one to adsorption. The facile preparation, high adsorption efficiency, easy recovery, and reusability may enable Fe₃O₄/GO to be a promising adsorbent for aqueous Hg(II).

     

A digital coding combination analysis for mutational genotyping using pyrosequencing

In the present study, we developed a novel digital coding combination analysis (DCCA) to analyze the gene mutation based on the sample combination principle. The principle is that any numerically named sample is divided into two groups, any two samples are not grouped in the same two groups, and any sample can be tested within the detection limit. Therefore, we proposed a specific combination that N samples were divided into M groups. Then N samples were analyzed, which could obtain the mutation results of M mixed groups. If only two groups showed positive (mutant type) signals, the same sample number from two positive signal groups would be the positive sample, and the remaining samples were negative (wild type). If three groups or more exhibited positive results, the same sample number from three positive signal groups would be the positive sample. If some samples remained uncertain, individual samples could be analyzed on a small scale. In the present study, we used the two genotypes of a mutation site (A5301G) to verify whether it was a useful and promising method. The results showed that we could quantitatively detect mutations and demonstrate 100% consistent results against a panel of defined mixtures with the detection limit using pyrosequencing. This method was suitable, sensitive, and reproducible for screening and analyzing low-frequency mutation samples, which could reduce reagent consumption and cost by approximately 70–80% compared with conventional clinical methods.     

微波辅助合成具有优异电化学性能的rGO/CeO2超级电容器电极材料

CeO₂具有良好的赝电容, 但有关碳/CeO₂复合材料的电化学性能有待改善. 本工作采用简单的微波辅助合成法, 将氧化石墨烯与Ce(NO₃)₃混合发生氧化还原反应, 获得还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)/CeO₂复合材料. 通过形貌观察, CeO₂以颗粒形式均匀分布在褶皱的rGO上, 且沿着rGO表面仿形生长; 纳米级CeO₂颗粒之间存在微小间隙. N₂吸/脱附测试结果表明, rGO/CeO₂具有大的比表面积和介孔孔径, 有益于与电解液充分接触. 通过电化学测试, rGO/CeO₂的比电容高达468 F•g^-1, 经过10000次充放电循环, 电容保持率高达107.3%. 优异的循环稳定性归因于大表面积的rGO与均匀薄层的CeO₂良好的协同效应减少了离子传输的阻力以及CeO₂颗粒之间微小的间隙, 缓解了Ce⁴⁺还原为Ce³⁺过程中发生的晶格膨胀. 将rGO/CeO₂组装成对称型超级电容器rGO/CeO₂||rGO/CeO₂获得的能量密度达18.16 Wh•kg^-1. rGO/CeO₂作为超级电容器电极材料具有广阔前景.     

Graphene oxide–starch composite as an efficient adsorbent for removing Cu(II): removal performance and adsorption mechanism

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Water pollution caused by heavy metals is a severe environmental issue. In this work, a graphene oxide–starch composite (GO/WS) was facilely prepared via...     

Lactic Acid Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of BiOClxI1-x Solid Solutions as Excellent Visible Light Photocatalysts

A series of BiOClxI1-x(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9,1.0)photocatalysts was firstly prepared by means of a facile solvothermal route with the help of lactic acid.The measured results show that the morphologies of the as-prepared samples are similar sheets with different thickness and diameters.Thinner nanosheets assembled flower-like BiOCI0.5I0.5 solid solution exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity and stability among the prepared samples for the degradation of methylene blue(MB)and methyl orange(MO)under the illumination of visible light.The excellent photocatalytic properties of BiOCI0.5I0.5 could be attributed to the high specific surface area,the suita-ble band gap energy and the lower recombination rate of the electrons and holes.In addition,catalyst BiOCI0.5I0.5 was further used to degradate a more complicated mixed dye(MCH-RhB+MB)system under visible light,displaying an excellent photocatalytic activity.Finally,the photocatalytic mechanism of catalyst BiOCI0.5I0.5 to degradate colorful dyes was proposed.The trapping experiments of active species indicated that the holes are the main active species for the degradation of the mixed dyes.