Optimized Green Extraction of Polyphenols from Cassia javanica L. Petals for Their Application in Sunflower Oil: Anticancer and Antioxidant Properties

The total phenolic content (TPC) from Cassia javanica L. petals were extracted using ethanolic solvent extraction at concentrations ranging from 0 to 90% and an SCF-CO₂ co-solvent at various pressures. Ultrasound-assisted extraction parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Antioxidant and anticancer properties of total phenols were assessed. An SCF-CO₂ co-solvent extract was nano-encapsulated and applied to sunflower oil without the addition of an antioxidant. The results indicated that the best treatment for retaining TPC and total flavonoids content (TFC) was SCF-CO₂ co-solvent followed by the ultrasound and ethanolic extraction procedures. Additionally, the best antioxidant activity by β-carotene/linoleic acid and DPPH free radical-scavenging test systems was observed by SCF-CO₂ co-solvent then ultrasound and ethanolic extraction methods. SCF-CO₂ co-solvent recorded the highest inhibition % for PC3 (76.20%) and MCF7 (98.70%) and the lowest IC₅₀ value for PC3 (145 µ/mL) and MCF7 (96 µ/mL). It was discovered that fortifying sunflower oil with SCF-CO₂ co-solvent nanoparticles had a beneficial effect on free fatty acids and peroxide levels. The SCF-CO₂ method was finally found to be superior and could be used in large-scale processing.     

Numerical study using ADM for the modified regularized long wave equation

The modified regularized long wave (MRLW) equation is solved numerically by Adomian decomposition method (ADM) with some initial conditions. The method leads to high accurate and efficient results. Three polynomial invariant conditions are evaluated to determine the conservation properties of the problem. The convergence of Adomian decomposition method applied to the MRLW equation is proved. Moreover, the interaction of solitons and the development of the Maxwellian initial condition into solitary waves are considered.     

A collocation method with cubic B-splines for solving the MRLW equation

The modified regularized long wave (MRLW) equation is solved numerically by collocation method using cubic B-splines finite element. A linear stability analysis of the scheme is shown to be marginally stable. Three invariants of motion are evaluated to determine the conservation properties of the algorithm, also the numerical scheme leads to accurate and efficient results. Moreover, interaction of two and three solitary waves are studied through computer simulation and the development of the Maxwellian initial condition into solitary waves is also shown.