Two-dimensional agnor evaluation as a prognostic variable in urinary bladder carcinoma: a different approach via total agnor area/nucleus area per cell

Traditional criterions are not sufficient to predict accurately the recurrence of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the AgNORs via total AgNOR area/nucleus area (TAA/NA) for each cell as a prognostic parameter, in TCC of urinary bladder. Tumor tissues of 20 consecutive cases of male bladder cancer patients were divided into two groups as middle differentiated (LG) and high grade (HG). The extra-tumoral tissue (ETT) samples of 10 males served as control group. A second control group (HC) consisted of five healthy and normal bladder tissue samples. The 3 microm of sections from each paraffin embedded tumoral, extra-tumoral and normal tissue samples served as patient and control groups. After deparaffinization and rehydratation steps, silver (AgNO(3)) staining of nucleolar organizer regions-associated proteins (AgNORs) was performed. Instead of Giemsa stain, we used Hematoxylin for contra staining. The images of the 100 analyzable nuclei from each tissue sample, transferred by means of a video camera and video capture card from microscope and recorded onto a computer. Software was prepared in Delphi language for analysis. Mean (E+02) TAA/NA values of HC, ETT, LG and HG groups were 6.97+2.80, 5.70+1.82, 7.80+3.22 and 9.24+3.88, respectively. Statistical comparisons have shown significant differences between all groups.In conclusion, mean TAA/NA per cell has a potential to be a prognostic parameter. Therefore, further evaluation of big patient series will be useful.     

The Hadamard Inequality For Convex Function Via Fractional Integrals

In this paper, we establish several inequalities for some differantiable mappings that are connected with the Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. The analysis used in the proofs is fairly elementary.     

Synthesis of oxazoline functionalized polypropene using metallocene catalysts

Using two different zirconocene/MAO catalyst systems, propene was copolymerized with the comonomers 2‐(9‐decene‐1‐yl)‐1,3‐oxazoline and 2‐(4‐(10‐undecene‐1‐oxo)phenyl)‐1,3‐oxazoline, respectively. The catalysts used were rac‐Et[Ind]₂ZrCl₂ and rac‐Me₂Si[2‐Me‐4, 5‐BenzInd]₂ZrCl₂. Up to 0.53 mol‐% oxazoline could be incorporated into polypropene. Oxazoline content, molecular weight, degree of isotacticity and melting behavior were dependent on the catalyst system, comonomer structure and comonomer concentration in the feed.     

Characterization of N-Succinylation of L-Lysylphosphatidylglycerol in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis> Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Phospholipids generally dominate in bacterial lipids. The negatively charged nature of phospholipids renders bacteria susceptible to cationic antibiotic peptides. In comparison with Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria in general have much less zwitterionic phosphatidylethanolamine. However, they are known for producing aminoacylated phosphatidylglycerol (PG), especially positively charged l-lysyl-PG, which is catalyzed by lysyl-PG synthase MprF, which appears to have a broad range of specificity for l-aminoacyl transfer RNAs. In addition, many Gram-positive bacteria also have a dlt-gene-coded d-alanylation pathway for lipoteichoic acids and wall teichoic acids covalently attached to a glycolipid or peptidoglycan. d-Alanylation also masks the dominant negative charge of the phosphate-rich polymers of teichoic acids. Using mass spectrometry, we have recently observed that precursor scans in negative mode for deprotonated amino acid fragments were most sensitive for ester-linked amino acids. Such a scan for precursors generating an m/z 145 lysyl anion revealed lysyl-PG as well as an additional species 100?m/z units greater than lysyl-PG. This unexpected species corresponded precisely to the expected mass of N-succinylated lysyl-PG. Tandem mass spectrometry revealed a precise match to the fragmentation pattern of this putative new species. PG, lysyl-PG, and N-succinyl-lysyl-PG may form a complete loop of charge reversal from -1 to +1 and then back to -1. Analogous charge reversal by N-succinylation of lysine residues in the bacterial as well as eukaryotic proteomes has been recently discovered as a major posttranslational modification. Such modification in bacterial lipids is possibly catalyzed by an enzyme homologous to the enzymes that modify lysine residues in proteins.

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Graphical Abstract ?

     

An asymptotic approach for shock-wave/transpired turbulent boundary layer interactions

Summary In this work perturbation techniques are used to study the problem of the interaction between a shock wave and a transpired turbulent boundary layer at transonic speeds. In the case considered here, the Mach number is assumed to be high enough for the sonic line to penetrate deep into the boundary layer so that it ends close to the wall. The flow region is divided into a region of strong interaction and regions of weak interaction. For the regions of weak interaction, upstream and downstream of the shock, a classical two-deck structure is assumed to hold for the boundary layer. Solutions chosen for these regions must account for the effects of blowing or suction. The strong interaction region on the other hand is shown to consist of three decks. A detailed analysis of the whole flow field is carried out and solutions valid in the double limit as Reynolds number tends to infinity and Mach number tends to one are proposed. Solutions of adjacent layers are shown to match so providing a smooth solution for the entire flow region. The analysis yields solutions for the pressure and skin-friction profiles.

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Zusammenfassung In dieser Veröffentlichung wird mit Methoden der Störungsrechnung das Problem der Wechselwirkung zwischen einer Schockwelle und einer turbulenten Grenzschicht mit Blas- und Saugeffekten beim Übergang zu Überschallgeschwindigkeiten untersucht. In dem hier betrachteten Fall ist die Machzahl so hoch, daß die Schockwellenfront tief in die Grenzschicht eindringt und nahe bei der Wand endet. Das Strömungsgebiet wird in ein Gebiet starker Wechselwirkung und in ein Gebiet schwacher Wechselwirkung eingeteilt. Für die Gebiete schwacher Wechselwirkung (vor und hinter der Schockwellenfront) wird angenommen, daß die Grenzschicht eine klassische zwei-Deck Struktur besitzt. Lösungen, die für diese Gebiete gewählt werden, müssen die Blas- oder Saugeffekte erklären. Es wird gezeigt, daß das Gebiet starker Wechselwirkung dagegen aus drei Decks besteht. Eine ausführliche Berechnung des gesamten Strömungsfeldes wird durchgeführt, und es werden Lösungen angegeben, die gültig sind für den doppelten Grenzfall, daß die Reynoldszahl gegen unendlich und die Machzahl gegen eins strebt. Es zeigt sich, daß die Lösungen für benachbarte Schichten aneinander passen, und daß sich damit eine stetige Lösung für das gesamte Strömungsgebiet ergibt. Die Lösungen für die Druck- und Wandreibungsprofile werden bestimmt.

     

Synthesis of Various Functional Propylene Copolymers Using rac‐Et[1‐Ind]2ZrCl2/MAO as the Catalyst System

Propylene copolymers with different polar groups were synthesised using rac‐Et[1‐Ind]₂ZrCl₂/MAO as the catalyst system. 10‐Undecen‐1‐ol, 10‐undecenoyl chloride, 10‐undecenoic acid, 2‐(9‐decen‐1‐yl)‐1,3‐oxazoline, 2‐(9‐decen‐1‐yl)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐1,3‐oxazoline, and 2‐[4‐(10‐undecene‐1‐oxy)phenyl]‐1,3‐oxazoline were used as comonomers. The addition of water to the 10‐undecenoyl chloride copolymer solution led to an acid‐functionalised copolymer. In the case of 2‐(9‐decen‐1‐yl)‐1,3‐oxazoline and its homopolymers, polymerisation temperature was varied. Up to 0.61 mol‐% comonomer were incorporated into the poly(propylene)s. The catalyst activities for 10‐undecen‐1‐ol, 10‐undecenoyl chloride and 10‐undecenoic acid were much higher than for the oxazoline comonomers.     

Investigation of performances of commercial diesel oxidation catalysts for CO,C3H6, and NO oxidation

Four commercial monolithic diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) with two different platinum group metal (PGM) loadings and Pt:Pd ratios of 1:0, 2:1, 3:1 (w/w) were investigated systematically for CO, C₃H₆, and NO oxidation, CO-C₃H₆ co-oxidation, and CO-C₃H₆-NO oxidation reactions via transient activity measurements in a simulated diesel engine exhaust environment. As PGM loading increased, light-off curves shifted to lower temperatures for individual and co-oxidation reactions of CO and C₃H₆. CO and C₃H₆ were observed to inhibit theoxidation of themselves and each other. Addition of Pd to Pt was found to enhance CO and C₃H₆ oxidation performance of the catalysts while the presence and amount of Pd was found to increase the extent of self-inhibition of NO oxidation. NO inhibited CO and C₃H₆ oxidation reactions while NO oxidation performance was enhanced in the presence of CO and C₃H₆ probably due to the occurrence of reduced Pt and Pd sites during CO and C₃H₆ oxidations. The optimum Pt:Pd ratio for individual and co-oxidations of CO, C₃H₆, and NO was found to be Pt:Pd = 3:1 (w/w) in the range of experimental conditions investigated in this study.     

GC Determination of Prilocaine HCl in Human Plasma: Analytical Application to Real Samples

A gas chromatographic (GC) method with a rapid and simple sample preparation was developed and validated for determination of prilocaine in human plasma. The validation parameters of linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantification were studied. The range of quantification for the GC method was 50–300 ng mL^?1 in plasma. Intra- and inter-day precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD) were less than 4.5%, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 8.0% (n = 6). The analytical recovery of prilocaine HCl from plasma has averaged 96.5% and the recovery of internal standard (lidocaine HCl) reached 96.8%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and the limit of detection (LOD) of the method for plasma were 50 and 40 ng mL^?1, respectively. Also the developed and validated method was applied to three healthy volunteers to whom a local anaesthesia with citanest was administered.     

THE HADAMARD INEQUALITY FOR CONVEX FUNCTION VIA FRACTIONAL INTEGRALS

In this paper, we establish several inequalities for some differantiable mappings that are connected with the Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. The analysis used in the proofs is fairly elementar...     

College admissions with affirmative action

This paper first shows that when colleges' preferences are substitutable there does not exist any stable matching mechanism that makes truthful revelation of preferences a dominant strategy for every student. The paper introduces student types and captures colleges' preferences for affirmative action via type-specific quotas: A college always prefers a set of students that respects its type-specific quotas to another set that violates them. Then it shows that the student-applying deferred acceptance mechanism makes truthful revelation of preferences a dominant strategy for every student if each college's preferences satisfy responsiveness over acceptable sets of students that respect its type-specific quotas. These results have direct policy implications in several entry-level labor markets (Roth 1991). Furthermore, a fairness notion and the related incentive theory developed here is applied to controlled choice in the context of public school choice by Abdulkadiro?lu and Sönmez (2003).