Although the compression ignition engines are a significant source of power, their detrimental emissions create considerable problems to the environment as well as to humans. The objective of the present experimental investigation is to examine the effects of the magnetic nanofluid fuels on combustion performance characteristics and exhaust emissions. In this regard, the Fe3O4 nanoparticles dispersed in the diesel fuel with the nanoparticle concentrations of 0.4 and 0.8 vol% were employed for combustion in a single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine. After a series of experiments, it was demonstrated that the nanoparticle additives, even at very low concentrations, have considerable influence in diesel engine characteristics. Furthermore, the results indicated that the nanofluid fuel with nanoparticle concentration of 0.4 vol% shows better combustion characteristics in comparison with that of 0.8 vol%. Based on the experimental results, NOx and SO2 emissions dramatically reduce, while CO emissions and smoke opacity noticeably increase with increasing the dosing level of nanoparticles. 相似文献
The catalytic activity of an oxidovanadium(IV) unsymmetrical Schiff base complex supported on γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles, γ-Fe2O3@[VO(salenac-OH)] in which salenac-OH?=?[9-(2′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,8-diaza-4-methylnona-2,4,8-trienato](-2), was explored in the oxidation of hydrocarbons with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP, 70% aqueous solution) as oxidant. High catalytic activity and selectivity were demonstrated by this magnetic nanocatalyst in alkane hydroxylation and alkene epoxidation, and the corresponding products were obtained with good to excellent yields in acetonitrile at 50 °C. Reasonable catalytic activity was presented by this supported catalyst in the epoxidation of linear alkenes under optimal reaction conditions. In addition, alkylbenzene derivatives and cycloalkanes can be oxidized to their corresponding alcohols and ketones with good yields in this catalytic system. It is possible to magnetically separate the γ-Fe2O3@[VO(salenac-OH)] catalyst and reuse it four times without losing the activity significantly. Moreover, the catalyst structure and morphology do not change after recovery, as indicated by comparing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS) of the recovered catalyst with those of the fresh catalyst.
Cellulose - Antibacterial coatings based on bacterial cellulose (BC) have been widely used in many fields including food packaging and wound dressing. In this study, we aimed to synthesis of... 相似文献
A method is presented for obtaining periodic solutions to forced oscillations of non-linear systems governed by equations of the form uss?uyy?εf(u,u,y,uyy…,s) = 0. The method is presented by application to the equation uss?uyy?εu2yuyy= 0 which governs the vibrations of a soil layer that is free on the top surface and is forced harmonically at the bedrock. It is shown that unlike the ODE case (Duffing equation), the PDE requires an infinite number of periodicity conditions to correctly characterize the resonant region and these conditions lead to an infinite number of branches in the dispersion spectrum. Calculations indicate that these branches tend to an envelope curve. The uniform approach presented by Millmann and Keller is discussed in order to determine in what sense it can be viewed as an effective approximation for the fundamental mode. 相似文献
The paper derives the relevant non-linear integro-differential evolution equation by the method due to Collins expanding on a procedure by Keller. The quadratically non-linear case is not a trivial variation over the cubically non-linear case that was presented in preceding papers. As expected a different scaling and ordering of terms is needed and the first order perturbation solution provides no information on resonance. Nevertheless, although obtained by much longer calculations, the final equation for the present case is of identical form, with differences only in numerical coefficients, with the cubic case that was presented and solved earlier. 相似文献
The phase transition during chemical lithium insertion into α-MoO3 was investigated by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical characterisation. The samples have been
prepared by reaction of various amounts of water-free lithium iodide with fine-particulate orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide
in n-hexane (non-aqueous media), which yielded materials with different Li/Mo ratio. XRD investigations of these materials proved
that the crystal structure of the layered α-MoO3 has been changed after the chemical lithiation. The phase transition ranged from 0.25 < x < 0.5 in LixMoO3 upon chemical lithium insertion into α-MoO3. The XRD lines of lithium inserted phase LixMoO3 grew at the expense of the XRD lines of the pristine α-MoO3 as lithium ions were chemically inserted until the disappearance of lines related to α-MoO3. The electrochemical performance of the lithiated samples is improved in comparison with the starting material (non-lithiated
α-MoO3). 相似文献
The effect of gravitational and inertial forces on the precision cumulation of cavities, fast mass flows, and detonation and
shock waves is studied in stages. The possible effects of these forces on the motion of masses and waves (the velocity, direction
and structure of the waves can change) and on the properties of the medium in front of the waves that influence the change
in the parameters and refraction of the waves are noted. It is shown that it is advantageous to perform precision cumulation
experiments in zero-gravity.
Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 111, 2001–2015 (June 1997) 相似文献
The formation of gas channels in rotating liquids is investigated and the application of such channels as capillaries for
high-power discharges in x-ray lasers, for transporting particle and radiation fluxes, and lowering breakdown thresholds (including
with the use of metal fillings), for structural systems for microwave generation and particle acceleration, and for photochemical
and shock action on a liquid, and so on, is discussed. It is noted that tubular active elements and samples can be fabricated
by solidification and crystallization during rotation.
Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 65, No. 3, 291–294 (10 February 1997) 相似文献