首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   249篇
  免费   7篇
  国内免费   2篇
化学   188篇
晶体学   8篇
力学   1篇
数学   7篇
物理学   54篇
  2022年   7篇
  2021年   8篇
  2020年   7篇
  2019年   5篇
  2018年   4篇
  2017年   14篇
  2016年   13篇
  2015年   7篇
  2014年   11篇
  2013年   25篇
  2012年   10篇
  2011年   16篇
  2010年   18篇
  2009年   15篇
  2008年   11篇
  2007年   12篇
  2006年   16篇
  2005年   6篇
  2004年   7篇
  2003年   3篇
  2002年   8篇
  2001年   4篇
  2000年   3篇
  1999年   4篇
  1998年   1篇
  1997年   3篇
  1996年   4篇
  1994年   1篇
  1993年   1篇
  1992年   2篇
  1991年   3篇
  1990年   1篇
  1989年   1篇
  1988年   1篇
  1986年   1篇
  1984年   1篇
  1981年   1篇
  1980年   1篇
  1977年   2篇
排序方式: 共有258条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The usual tool for modelling bond ratings migration is a discrete, time‐homogeneous Markov chain. Such model assumes that all bonds are homogeneous with respect to their movement behaviour among rating categories and that the movement behaviour does not change over time. However, among recognized sources of heterogeneity in ratings migration is age of a bond (time elapsed since issuance). It has been observed that young bonds have a lower propensity to change ratings, and thus to default, than more seasoned bonds. The aim of this paper is to introduce a continuous, time‐non‐homogeneous model for bond ratings migration, which also incorporates a simple form of population heterogeneity. The specific form of heterogeneity postulated by the proposed model appears to be suitable for modelling the effect of age of a bond on its propensity to change ratings. This model, called a mover–stayer model, is an extension of a Markov chain. This paper derives the maximum likelihood estimators for the parameters of a continuous time mover–stayer model based on a sample of independent continuously monitored histories of the process, and develops the likelihood ratio statistic for discriminating between the Markov chain and the mover–stayer model. The methods are illustrated using a sample of rating histories of young corporate issuers. For these issuers the default probabilities predicted by the Markov chain and mover–stayer models are different. In particular for 1–4 years old bonds the mover–stayer model estimates substantially lower default probabilities from rating C than a Markov chain. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
2.
Thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations were carried out on gamma irradiated SrBPO5 samples doped with CeO2 and co-doped with CeO2 and Sm2O3. On gamma-irradiation at room temperature, BO3 2–, O2 and O radicals were produced. It was seen that the O radical ion disappeared in the sample annealed at 500 K. It is proposed that the recombination between trapped electrons and O radical ions results in transfer of recombination energy to the impurity centre Ce3+ resulting in TSL glow peak at 485 K. In the case of co-doped samples energy transfer occurs between Ce3+ to Sm3+ resulting in increase in the intensity of glow peak at 485 K.The authors are grateful to Dr. V. K. Manchanda, Head, Radiochemistry Division, BARC for his keen interest and encouragement during the course of this work.  相似文献   
3.
Adhesion of zein to solid substrates has been studied using surface energy profiles as indices and by adhesion mapping using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Different plasticizers like glycerol and sorbitol have been used to form mixed films with zein and properties of these films are studied using surface energy profiles. Comparison of the results from the different mixed samples with those from the pure zein films showed that force mapping could identify areas rich in protein. The adhesion maps produced were deconvoluted from sample topography and contrasted with the data obtained from contact angle measurements. A comparison of the two methods shows that the extent of contact angle hysteresis is indicative of both hydrophobicity of the surface as well as the force of adhesion. Mechanical properties and microstructure of zein films prepared by casting from solutions and using Langmuir-Blodgett film technique have been investigated. Pure zein seemed brittle and exhibited an essentially linear relationship between stress and strain. Films with plasticizer were tougher than these films. In general, mixed films showed better mechanical properties than pure films and had higher ultimate tensile strength and increased per cent elongation. Further, the mixed films of zein showed a higher force of adhesion compared to the pure films.  相似文献   
4.
Cobalt oxides were prepared by three different methods: (1) by reacting cobalt nitrate with oxalic acid, (2) co-precipitating cobalt nitrate with sodium carbonate, and (3) using sodium dodecyl sulphate as organic surfactant. All three samples were characterized before and after calcination by solvent extraction and the resulting products examined by IR spectroscopy. In the case of method 3, the removal of surfactant was followed by TGA studies. Products from all three methods were identified by XRD. Peaks in low angle XRD indicate the porous nature of the oxides. The morphology of the pores was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Some irregular pore structures were obtained for samples from methods 1 and 2, with an average size of 4–6 nm. Only the product from method 3 using SDS as template showed ordered structure and optimum size, and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface areas of the as-prepared, as well as the treated samples, exhibited H3 type hysteresis. The samples from the three methods were used as catalysts in the oxidation reaction of cyclohexane under mild conditions and the catalytic efficiency of the cobalt oxide was comparable with mesoporous cobalt oxides.  相似文献   
5.
A simple method for the concurrent analysis of the noradrenaline metabolites vanillylmandelic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, the dopamine metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid, and the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in human urine is described. Following organic extraction of the metabolites from acidified urine, they are separated by single-step gradient elution high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase column. Detection and quantification are achieved with an electrochemical detector using a carbon-paste electrode; samples can be injected at 40-min intervals. Optimisation of analytical parameters is described, and examples of the application of the method in the fields of clinical chemistry and clinical neuroscience are given. This provides a convenient method for the concurrent study of the metabolism of three major biogenic amines, and is readily adaptable for studies on cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue.  相似文献   
6.
Summary N-benzamidosalicylaldimine (H2L) complexes of CuII, NiII, CoII, FeII, MnII. VOIV and TiOIV have been prepared. The ligand probably coordinates to the metal from the hydroxyl, carbonyl and imino groups.  相似文献   
7.
8.
9.
10.
Research on Chemical Intermediates - Antibiotic-resistant penicillin binding protein (PBPs) production is one of the reasons why bacteria develop resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, and this...  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号