全文获取类型
收费全文 | 710篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 404篇 |
晶体学 | 8篇 |
力学 | 34篇 |
数学 | 70篇 |
物理学 | 222篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 17篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 26篇 |
2018年 | 32篇 |
2017年 | 25篇 |
2016年 | 25篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 31篇 |
2013年 | 71篇 |
2012年 | 66篇 |
2011年 | 50篇 |
2010年 | 38篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 44篇 |
2007年 | 51篇 |
2006年 | 31篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1939年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有738条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Das Pritam Kumar Mallik Arnab Kumar Molla Altaf Hossain Santra Apurba Kumar Ganguly Ranjan Saha Abhijit Kumar Sugam Aswal V. K. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2022,147(10):5617-5635
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Nanofluids have gained recent attention because of their potential applications in diverse engineering fields like enhancing thermal transport,... 相似文献
2.
Anuj Mittal Swaminathan Sivaram 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2005,43(21):4996-5008
A tridentate ligand, BPIEP: 2,6‐bis[1‐(2,6‐diisopropyl phenylimino) ethyl] pyridine, having central pyridine unit and two peripheral imine coordination sites was effectively employed in controlled/“living” radical polymerization of MMA at 90°C in toluene as solvent, CuIBr as catalyst, and ethyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as initiator resulting in well‐defined polymers with polydispersities Mw/Mn ≤ 1.23. The rate of polymerization follows first‐order kinetics, kapp = 3.4 × 10?5 s?1, indicating the presence of low radical concentration ([P*] ≤ 10?8) throughout the reaction. The polymerization rate attains a maximum at a ligand‐to‐metal ratio of 2:1 in toluene at 90°C. The solvent concentration (v/v, with respect to monomer) has a significant effect on the polymerization kinetics. The polymerization is faster in polar solvents like, diphenylether, and anisole, as compared to toluene. Increasing the monomer concentration in toluene resulted in a better control of polymerization. The molecular weights (Mn,SEC) increased linearly with conversion and were found to be higher than predicted molecular (Mn,Cal). However, the polydispersity remained narrow, i.e., ≤1.23. The initiator efficiency at lower monomer concentration approaches a value of 0.7 in 110 min as compared to 0.5 in 330 min at higher monomer concentration. The aging of the copper salt complexed with BPIEP had a beneficial effect and resulted in polymers with narrow polydispersitities and higher conversion. PMMA obtained at room temperature in toluene (33%, v/v) gave PDI of 1.22 (Mn = 8500) in 48 h whereas, at 50°C the PDI is 1.18 (Mn = 10,300), which is achieved in 23 h. The plot of lnkapp versus 1/T gave an apparent activation energy of polymerization as (ΔE≠app) 58.29 KJ/mol and enthalpy of equilibrium (ΔH0eq) to 28.8 KJ/mol. Reverse ATRP of MMA was successfully performed using AIBN in bulk as well as solution. The controlled nature of the polymerization reaction was established through kinetic studies and chain extension experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4996–5008, 2005 相似文献
3.
Xiao Huang Bishwa Ranjan Nayak Tao Lu Lowe 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(20):5054-5066
A series of novel multifunctional hydrogels that combined the merits of both thermoresponsive and biodegradable polymeric materials were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The hydrogels were copolymeric networks composed of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) as a thermoresponsive component, poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) as a hydrolytically degradable and hydrophobic component, and dextran as an enzymatically degradable and hydrophilic component. The chemical structures of the hydrogels were characterized by an attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) technique. The hydrogels were thermoresponsive, showing a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at approximately 32 °C, and their swelling properties strongly depended on temperature changes, the balance of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic components, and the degradation of the PLLA component. The degradation of the hydrogels caused by hydrolytic cleavage of ester bonds in the PLLA component was faster at 25 °C below the LCST than at 37 °C above the LCST, determined by the ATR–FTIR technique. Due to their multifunctional properties, the designed hydrogels show great potential for biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5054–5066, 2004 相似文献
4.
Some bounds on the entries and on the norm of the inverse of triangular matrices with nonnegative and monotone entries are found. All the results are obtained by exploiting the properties of the fundamental matrix of the recurrence relation which generates the sequence of the entries of the inverse matrix. One of the results generalizes a theorem contained in a recent article of one of the authors about Toeplitz matrices. 相似文献
5.
Paital AR Mitra T Ray D Wong WT Ribas-Ariño J Novoa JJ Ribas J Aromí G 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2005,(41):5172-5174
Based on a combined theoretical-experimental study, we propose that substituted m-phenylene ligands (m-N-Phi-N) can act as tuneable strong ferromagnetic couplers connecting Cu(II) ions; a new complex presenting that bridge with J close to +15 cm(-1) has been suggested and synthesized. 相似文献
6.
Dynamic light scattering experiments have been performed at various concentrations, of pharmaceutical oil-in-water microemulsions
consisting of Eutanol G as oil, a blend of a high (Tagat O2) and a low (Poloxamer 331) hydrophilic–lipophilic balance surfactant,
and a hydrophilic phase (propylene glycol/water). We probe the dynamics of these microemulsions by dynamic light scattering.
In the measured concentration range, two modes of relaxation were observed. The faster decaying mode is ascribed classically
to the collective diffusion D
c (total droplet number density fluctuation). We show that the slow mode is also diffusive and suggest that its possible origin
is the relaxation of polydispersity fluctuations. The diffusion coefficient associated with this mode is then the self-diffusion
D
s of the droplets. It was found that D
c and D
s had opposite volume fractions of oil plus surfactants (ϕ) dependence and a common limiting value D
0 for ϕ=0. Average hydrodynamic radius (R
h=10.5 nm) of droplets was calculated from D
0. R
h is supposed to compose the inner core, a surfactant film including possible solvent molecules, which migrate with the droplet.
The concentration dependence of diffusion coefficients reflects the effect of hard sphere and the supplementary repulsive
interactions which arises due to loss of entropy, when absorbed chains of surfactant intermingle on the close approach of
the two droplets. This mechanism could also explain the observed stability of our systems. The estimated extent of polydispersity
is 0.22 from the amplitude of slower decaying mode. The polydispersity in microemulsion systems is dynamic in origin. Results
indicate that the time scale for local polydispersity fluctuations is at least three orders of magnitude longer than the estimated
time between droplet collisions. 相似文献
7.
Binil Itty Ipe Anuj Shukla Huachang Lu Bo Zou Heinz Rehage Christof M Niemeyer 《Chemphyschem》2006,7(5):1112-1118
Currently, there is great interest in the development of methods suitable for determining the stoichiometry of biomolecules attached to nanoparticles. We describe the use of the dynamic light-scattering technique (DLS) to determine the stoichiometry of the protein cytochrome P450(BSbeta) attached to CdS and CdSe quantum dots (QDs). The enzyme-conjugated QDs have different diffusion characteristics compared to the QD and enzyme precursors, expressed in their size, scattering intensity as well as zeta-potential values. The significant enhancement of the scattering intensity of QDs observed upon conjugation with the P450(BSbeta) due to the refractive-index increment and the systematic variation in zeta potential resulting from charge neutralization of the anionic QDs by the cationic histidine-tagged P450(BSbeta) have been used for stoichiometry determination. 相似文献
8.
Arun K. Sinha Vinod Kumar Abhishek Sharma Anuj Sharma Rakesh Kumar 《Tetrahedron》2007,63(45):11070-11077
A mild and convenient one-pot two-step synthesis of hydroxystilbenes with trans selectivity has been developed through a modified Perkin reaction between benzaldehydes and phenylacetic acids bearing 4- or 2-hydroxy substitution at the aromatic ring, in the presence of piperidine-methylimidazole and polyethylene glycol under microwave irradiation. The observation of a simultaneous condensation-decarboxylation leading to the unusual formation of hydroxystilbenes in lieu of α-phenylcinnamic acid reveals an interesting facet to the classical Perkin reaction. The developed protocol provides a green alternative to the prevalent methods employing a toxic decarboxylating agent in the form of quinoline/Cu salt, and the requirement for harsh protection-deprotection steps for the synthesis of hydroxylated stilbenes. 相似文献
9.
We present exact explicit expressions for the row spin-spin correlation functions
00
n0 in the isotropicd= 2 Ising model, in terms of elliptic integrals, forn 5. We also give a general structural formula for
00
n0. 相似文献
10.
Photoaffinity labeled (3-diazoacetoxy)-9-cis-retinal (1) and (9-methylenediazoacetoxy)-9-cis-retinal (20) were synthesized and bound to absorption maxima at 465 and 460 nm respectively. Binding studies established that synthetic retinals 1 and 2 bind to the natural binding site and that the integrity of the diazoacetoxy photoaffinity label is preserved in the process. Incorporation of 3-(O14COCHN2)-labeled 9-cis retinal could be conveniently carried out in high yield using apomembrane solubilized in CHAPS as detergent to afford the pigment analog in a pure form. Photolysis of the diazoacetoxy group within the binding site led to 15–20%, crosslinking of rhodopsin as estimated by using radiocarbon containing labeled retinal 1 thus showing that this synthetic retinal is suitable for photoaffinity labeling of the active site in rhodopsin. Subsequent experiments to establish the site(s) of crosslinking by sequencing studies will then contribute to our knowledge of the structure of rhodopsin. 相似文献