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1.
C. Samara I. Papadoyannis Th. Kouimtzis S. Spyroudis A. Varvoglis 《Microchemical Journal》1984,29(2):232-236
A new oxidimetric titrant, bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene is proposed for potentiometric titrations in acetonitrile and water-acetonitrile media. The general analytical conditions for using this titrant and the results for the potentiometric titrations of various inorganic and organic reductants are described. 相似文献
2.
Troganis AN Sicilia E Barbarossou K Gerothanassis IP Russo N 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2005,109(51):11878-11884
The cis/trans conformational equilibrium of N-methyl formamide (NMF) and the sterically hindered tert-butylformamide (TBF) was investigated by the use of variable temperature gradient 1H NMR in aqueous solution and in the low dielectric constant and solvation ability solvent CDCl3 and various levels of first principles calculations. The trans isomer of NMF in aqueous solution is enthalpically favored relative to the cis (deltaH(o) = -5.79 +/- 0.18 kJ mol(-1)) with entropy differences at 298 K (298 x deltaS(o) = -0.23 +/- 0.17 kJ mol(-1)) playing a minor role. The experimental value of the enthalpy difference strongly decreases (deltaH(o) = -1.72 +/- 0.06 kJ mol(-1)), and the contribution of entropy at 298 K (298 x deltaS(o) = -1.87 +/- 0.06 kJ mol(-1)) increases in the case of the sterically hindered tert-butylformamide. The trans isomer of NMF in CDCl3 solution is enthalpically favored relative to the cis (deltaH(o) = -3.71 +/- 0.17 kJ mol(-1)) with entropy differences at 298 K (298 x deltaS(o) = 1.02 +/- 0.19 kJ mol(-1)) playing a minor role. In the sterically hindered tert-butylformamide, the trans isomer is enthalpically disfavored (deltaH(o) = 1.60 +/- 0.09 kJ mol(-1)) but is entropically favored (298 x deltaS(o) = 1.71 +/- 0.10 kJ mol(-1)). The results are compared with literature data of model peptides. It is concluded that, in amide bonds at 298 K and in the absence of strongly stabilizing sequence-specific inter-residue interactions involving side chains, the free energy difference of the cis/trans isomers and both the enthalpy and entropy contributions are strongly dependent on the N-alkyl substitution and the solvent. The significant decreasing enthalpic benefit of the trans isomer in CDCl3 compared to that in H2O, in the case of NMF and TBF, is partially offset by an adverse entropy contribution. This is in agreement with the general phenomenon of enthalpy versus entropy compensation. B3LY/6-311++G** and MP2/6-311++G** quantum chemical calculations confirm the stability orders of isomers and the deltaG decrease in going from water to CHCl3 as solvent. However, the absolute calculated values, especially for TBF, deviate significantly from the experimental values. Consideration of the solvent effects via the PCM approach on NMF x H2O and TBF x H2O supermolecules improves the agreement with the experimental results for TBF isomers, but not for NMF. 相似文献
3.
Andrew W. Smyth Sami F. Masri Elias B. Kosmatopoulos Anastassios G. Chassiakos Thomas K. Caughey 《International Journal of Non》2002,37(8):378-1451
Adaptive estimation procedures have gained significant attention by the research community to perform real-time identification of non-linear hysteretic structural systems under arbitrary dynamic excitations. Such techniques promise to provide real-time, robust tracking of system response as well as the ability to track time variation within the system being modeled. An overview of some of the authors’ previous work in this area is presented, along with a discussion of some of the emerging issues being tackled with regard to this class of problems. The trade-offs between parametric-based modeling and non-parametric modeling of non-linear hysteretic dynamic system behavior are discussed. Particular attention is given to (1) the effects of over- and under-parameterization on parameter convergence and system output tracking performance, (2) identifiability in multi-degree-of-freedom structural systems, (3) trade-offs in setting user-defined parameters for adaptive laws, and (4) the effects of noise on measurement integration. Both simulation and experimental results indicating the performance of the parametric and non-parametric methods are presented and their implications are discussed in the context of adaptive structures and structural health monitoring. 相似文献
4.
Strohhöfer C Förster T Chorvát D Kasák P Lacík I Koukaki M Karamanou S Economou A 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2011,13(39):17852-17863
This article reports the full characterisation of the optical properties of a biosynthesised protein consisting of fused cyan fluorescent protein, glucose binding protein and yellow fluorescent protein. The cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins act as donors and acceptors for intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Absorption, fluorescence, excitation and fluorescence decays of the compound protein were measured and compared with those of free fluorescent proteins. Signatures of energy transfer were identified in the spectral intensities and fluorescence decays. A model describing the fluorescence properties including energy transfer in terms of rate equations is presented and all relevant parameters are extracted from the measurements. The compound protein changes conformation on binding with calcium ions. This is reflected in a change of energy transfer efficiency between the fluorescent proteins. We track the conformational change and the kinetics of the calcium binding reaction from fluorescence intensity and decay measurements and interpret the results in light of the rate equation model. This visualisation of change in protein conformation has the potential to serve as an analytical tool in the study of protein structure changes in real time, in the development of biosensor proteins and in characterizing protein-drug interactions. 相似文献
5.
Novak P Havlicek V Derrick PJ Beran KA Bashir S Giannakopulos AE 《European journal of mass spectrometry (Chichester, England)》2007,13(4):281-290
Calmodulin is an EF hand calcium binding protein. Its binding affinities to various protein/peptide targets often depend on the conformational changes induced by the binding of calcium. One such target is melittin, which binds tightly to calmodulin in the presence of calcium, and inhibits its function. Chemical cross-linking combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry has been employed to investigate the coordination of calmodulin and melittin in the complex at different concentrations of calcium. This methodology can be used to monitor structural changes of proteins induced by ligand binding, and study the effects these changes have on non- covalent interactions between proteins. Cross-linking results indicate that the binding place of the first melittin in the calcium free calmodulin form is the same as in the calcium loaded calmodulin/melittin complex. 相似文献
6.
Spyros Nikas Nestor A. Rodios Anastasios Varvoglis Aristidis Terzis Catherine R. Raptopoulou 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1996,33(3):997-999
The reaction between dimedone anion and trimethylsilylethynyl phenyliodonium triflate leads to the formation of 4,4-dimethyl-6-(1,5-bistrimethylsilylpentane-1,4-diyne-3-ylidene)-δ-valerolactone, whose crystal structure has been determined. 相似文献
7.
Laimou D Lazoura E Troganis AN Matsoukas MT Deraos SN Katsara M Matsoukas J Apostolopoulos V Tselios TV 《Journal of computer-aided molecular design》2011,25(11):1019-1032
Τwo dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance studies complimented by molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the conformation of the immunodominant epitope of acetylated myelin basic protein residues 1-11 (Ac-MBP(1-11)) and its altered peptide ligands, mutated at position 4 to an alanine (Ac-MBP(1-11)[4A]) or a tyrosine residue (Ac-MBP(1-11)[4Y]). Conformational analysis of the three analogues indicated that they adopt an extended conformation in DMSO solution as no long distance NOE connectivities were observed and seem to have a similar conformation when bound to the active site of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC II). The interaction of each peptide with MHC class II I-A(u) was further investigated in order to explore the molecular mechanism of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction/inhibition in mice. The present findings indicate that the Gln(3) residue, which serves as a T-cell receptor (TCR) contact site in the TCR/peptide/I-A(u) complex, has a different orientation in the mutated analogues especially in the Ac-MBP(1-11)[4A] peptide. In particular the side chain of Gln(3) is not solvent exposed as for the native Ac-MBP(1-11) and it is not available for interaction with the TCR. 相似文献
8.
Ioannis Polyzos Georgios Tsigaridas Mihalis Fakis John Parthenios Anastassios Fragos Vassilis Giannetas Peter Persephonis John Mikroyannidis 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2001,132(1):169-175
Summary. Two-photon absorption induced fluorescence microscopy was used as a tool for the examination of the spatial distribution
of a thin dye film. The two-photon absorption induced fluorescence signal is essentially the same as that produced by excitation
with a single photon of equivalent energy. When femtosecond pulses are focused into a sample there is an intrinsic spatial
selectivity of the two-photon emission signal, since it is dependent upon the square of the light intensity. This has tremendous
implications in fluorescence microscopy. Since two-photon absorption is confined in a small region at the focal waist of an
objective lens, photodamage and photobleaching of the sample are significantly reduced. In addition, the two-photon signal
has inherent z-axis spatial resolution, which facilitates the construction of 3-D images. In the present work an application of this technique
to a thin film of a dye is presented. The method can generally be applied to thin films made from photonic polymers.
Received June 23, 2000. Accepted (revised) July 31, 2000 相似文献
9.
10.
NMR solvent effects induced by benzene on several N- and O-alkyl oximes are reported. Both shielding and deshielding effects are observed and are accounted for by the geometry of the solute-solvent ‘complex’. Good Hammett plots of solvent shifts for various types of protons are obtained. 相似文献