Indirect kinetic spectrophotometric determination of hydroxylamine based on its reaction with iodate.

A simple, precise and accurate method is proposed for rapid determination of trace amounts of hydroxylamine based on the reaction of hydroxylamine with iodate in acidic media. The reaction of neutral red by the produced nitrite ion was used to monitor the reaction spectrophotometrically at 525 nm by a fixed time method. Hydroxylamine in the range of 0.0400-1.200 microg mL(-1) could be determined. The relative standard deviation for 10 determinations of 0.500 microg mL(-1) hydroxylamine was 1.81% and the limit of detection was 0.010 microg mL(-1). The proposed method was applied to the determination of hydroxylamine in water samples with satisfactory results.     

Synthesis of New Dibenzosulfide and Dibenzosulfoxide Macrocyclic Compounds

Some new dibenzosulfo, dibenzosulfoxo macrocyclic diamides are synthesized.     

Simultaneous kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of hydrazine and acetylhydrazine in micellar media using the H-point standard addition method.

The H-point standard addition method (HPSAM), based on a spectrophotometric measurement for the simultaneous determination of hydrazine and acetylhydrazine, is described. This method is based on the difference between the rates of their reactions with N,N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DAB) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in acidic media. The results showed that hydrazine and acetylhydrazine could be determined simultaneously in the range of 0.020 - 0.70 and 0.20 - 5.0 mg L(-1), respectively. Under the working conditions, the proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of hydrazine and acetylhydrazine in several synthetic mixtures and plasma and water samples.     

Black-body radiation of noncommutative gauge fields

The black-body radiation is considered in a theory with noncommutative electromagnetic fields; that is noncommutativity is introduced in field space, rather than in real space. A direct implication of the result on cosmic microwave background map is argued.     

Syntheses of 5‐alkylthio‐1,3‐diaryl‐1,2,4‐triazoles

Arylation of the readily available 3‐alkythio‐5‐aryl‐1,2,4‐triazoles gave 5‐alkylthio‐1,3‐diaryl‐1,2,4‐triazoles in moderate yield. The structures of the latter were confirmed by NOE and ¹³C‐NMR.     

Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of homomorphisms in quasi-Banach algebras associated to the Pexiderized Cauchy functional equation

In this paper, we prove the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of homomorphisms in quasi-Banach algebras associated to the Pexiderized Cauchy functional equation. This is applied to investigate homomorphisms between quasi-Banach algebras. The concept of Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability originated from Th.M. Rassias' stability theorem that appeared in his paper [Th.M. Rassias, On the stability of the linear mapping in Banach spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 72 (1978) 297-300].     

Incremental unknowns preconditioning for solving the Helmholtz equation

An efficient preconditioner is developed for solving the Helmholtz problem in both high and low frequency (wavenumber) regimes. The preconditioner is based on hierarchical unknowns on nested grids, known as incremental unknowns (IU). The motivation for the IU preconditioner is provided by an eigenvalue analysis of a simplified Helmholtz problem. The performance of our preconditioner is tested on the iterative solution of two‐dimensional electromagnetic scattering problems. When compared with other well‐known methods, our technique is shown to often provide a better numerical efficacy and, most importantly, to be more robust. Moreover, for the best performance, the number of IU levels used in the preconditioner should be designed for the coarsest grid to have roughly two points per linear wavelength. This result is consistent with the conventional sampling criteria for wave phenomena in contrast with existing IU applications for solving the Laplace/Poisson problem, where the coarsest grid comprises just one interior point. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007     

Influence of Relative Permeability on the Stability Characteristics of Immiscible Flow in Porous Media

Relative permeability functions for immiscible displacements in porous media show a wide range of profiles. Although, this behavior is well known, its impact on the stability of the displacement process is unexplored. Our analysis clearly demonstrates for the first time that the viscous instability characteristics of two-phase flows are governed not only by their end point values, but are strongly dependent on the actual profile of relative permeability functions. Linear stability analysis predicts the capacity of the flow to develop large scale fingers which can result in substantial bypassing of the resident fluid. It is observed that relative permeability functions attributed to drainage processes yield a more unstable displacement as compared to functions related to imbibition processes. Moreover, instability is observed to increase for those relative permeability functions which result from increased wettability of the wetting fluid. High accuracy numerical simulations show agreement with these predictions and demonstrate how large amplitude viscous fingers result in significant bypassing for certain relative permeability functions. In the nonlinear regime, the finger amplitude grows at a rate ∝ t^1/2 initially, drops to t^1/4 at a later time and finally grows ∝ t. The basic mechanisms of finger interaction, however, are not substantially influenced by relative permeability functions.     

Teleparallel versions of Friedmann and Lewis–Papapetrou spacetimes

This paper is devoted to investigating the teleparallel versions of the Friedmann models as well as the Lewis–Papapetrou solution. We obtain the tetrad and the torsion fields for both spacetimes. It is shown that the axial-vector vanishes for the Friedmann models. We discuss the different possibilities for the axial-vector, depending on the arbitrary functions ω and ψ in the Lewis–Papapetrou metric. The vector related to spin has also been evaluated.