Final state interactions in deuteron breakup by protons at 585 and 800 MeV

Neutron-proton final state interactions (FSI) were observed in the deuteron breakup reaction ²H(p, 2p)n-via a kinematically complete experiment at incident proton energies of 585 and 800 MeV. Kinematic conditions were chosen which allowed the final state proton and neutron to have small relative energies; data were taken at four proton c.m. scattering angles at 800 MeV, ranging from 71° to 119° and at 94° and 106° at 585 MeV. The data are analyzed in terms of the Goldberger-Watson formalism for final state interactions, and the individual contributions of the ¹S₀ and ³S₁ np states are determined. The ${}^3\text{S}{}_1{}^1\text{S}{}_0$ ratio is large, as expected from some reaction models. The ratio of ³S₁ (almost elastic) to pd elastic cross sections is in good agreement with FSI analysis.     

Raman spectrographic system for quantitative analysis of isotopic hydrogen mixtures for muon catalysis experiments

We show that Raman spectral lines from H₂, D₂, T₂, HD, HT and DT are readily resolved, permitting an effective means to analyze isotopic hydrogen mixtures used in muon-catalyzed fusion experiments. We propose a Raman spectrographic system to allow for real-time analysis of targets involving all three isotopes of hydrogen.     

DYNGA: a general purpose QM-MM-MD program. I. Application to water

We present a general purpose QM-MM-MD engine (DYNGA) designed to test alternative hybrid Hamiltonians geared towards the treatment of problems of interest in structural biology including the use of experimental data constraints. In this first presentation we use DYNGA to explore the behaviour of a traditional QM-MM approach in the treatment of the water—water interaction. We find the potential energy hypersurface for the water dimer computed with the HF 4–31G*/TIP3P hybrid Hamiltonian tends to be too flat. We also explore the effect of using traditional QM-MM techniques on proton wires and conclude there is a need for improvement, possibly addressed by using polarizable force fields.     

Measurements of 12C(π+, πN)11C and 19F(π+, πN)18F cross sections near the 32, 32 resonance

Reaction cross sections for ¹²C(π⁺, πN)¹¹C at 134, 161, 177, and 200 MeV and for ¹⁹F(π⁺,πN) at 161, 177, and 200 MeV were measured by activation methods.     

PAST AND FUTURE MANAGEMENT OF A COLLAPSED FISHERY: THE BAY OF BISCAY ANCHOVY

Abstract We analyze the efficiency of the international management of the Bay of Biscay anchovy. While a sharing agreement between France and Spain has been in place since 1992, the fish stock collapsed in 2005 and the fishery closed from 2005 to spring 2010. We consider differences in production technologies between both countries and calibrate our model using data from 1987 to 2009. Our results suggest two sources of rent dissipation under the existing sharing agreement: inefficient quota allocation and production inefficiencies due to inflexible national regulations. We discuss several alternatives to improve management.     

ConFlo III - an interface for high precision delta(13)C and delta(15)N analysis with an extended dynamic range

A newly developed interface coupling a CHN combustion device (elemental analyser 'EA') to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer is described and evaluated. The purpose of the device is to extend the dynamic range of delta(13)C and delta(15)N analysis from less than 2 orders of magnitude to more than 3 orders of magnitude. Carbon isotope ratio measurements of atropine as a model compound have been performed analysing between 1 μg to 5 mg C with acceptable to excellent precision (0.6 to 0.06 per thousand, delta-notation). The correction due to the blank signal is critical for sample amounts smaller than 4 μg C. The maximum sample weight is determined by the combustion capacity of the EA. Larger sample amounts are measured using dilution of a small part of the EA effluent with helium. The dilution mechanism works virtually free of isotope fractionation. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.