Liquid transport due to light scattering

Using experiments and theory, we show that light scattering by inhomogeneities in the index of refraction of a fluid can drive a large-scale flow. The experiment uses a near-critical, phase-separated liquid, which experiences large fluctuations in its index of refraction. A laser beam traversing the liquid produces a interface deformation on the scale of the experimental setup and can cause a liquid jet to form. We demonstrate that the deformation is produced by a scattering-induced flow by obtaining good agreements between the measured deformations and those calculated assuming this mechanism.     

Adsorption of carbon monoxide on polycrystalline nickel films

The adsorption states of carbon monoxide on polycrystalline nickel films have been investigated by measuring the thermal desorption, the heat of adsorption, the change in resistivity, and the change in work function in dependence on coverage and temperature. It can be shown that there are two chemisorbed (β₂, β₂) and one weakly bound (γ) species. Desorption peaks appear at 170K, 310–360 K, and 460–490 K. The differential heat of adsorption is $\text{30}\text{kcal}\text{mole}$ at low coverages and approximately $\text{25}\text{kcal}\text{mole}$ between 0.3 and 0.6 monolayers. The resistivity of the nickel film is characteristically changed with increasing coverage, and there is a maximum of resistivity at half a monolayer. At low coverages the increase in the work function is proportional to the amount adsorbed; at a monolayer the total increase is 1.26 eV at 77 K and 1.46 eV at 273 K. The two chemisorbed species differ only in the structures they form in the adsorption phase, β₂ being the species that is stable at low coverages, β₁ being the species that is stable at high coverages. These results are in good agreement with those recently found for CO adsorption on single crystal surfaces.     

Eine Methode zur Spurenanalyse von Titan und Vanadin in graphitischen Materialien

Zusammenfassung Eine spurenanalytische Methode zur Bestimmung von Titan und Vanadin in Reaktorgraphiten wurde ausgearbeitet. Sie ermöglicht die Bestimmung dieser Elemente mit Hilfe der Doppelbogenmethode und unter Verwendung von PbCl₂ als thermochemischem Zusatzstoff bis 0,1 ppm.

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Summary A trace analytical method has been worked out for determining titanium and vanadium in reactor graphites. It permits the determination of these elements down to 0.1 ppm with the aid of the double arc method and with the use of PbCl₂ as thermochemical additive.

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Résumé On a mis au point une méthode d'analyse de traces pour le dosage du titane et du vanadium dans les graphites des réacteurs. Elle permet le dosage de ces éléments jusqu'à 0,1 ppm par la méthode de l'arc double, en utilisant de PbCl₂ comme agent d'addition thermochimique.

     

Electron impact studies CX—+E spectra from negative ions. Ortho effects and skeletal rearrangement reactions from sulphur compounds

+E spectra derived from the non-decomposing anion of some sulphur compounds are independent of the pressure of the collision gas. The compounds chosen for study contain peaks produced from either ortho effects or skeletal rearrangement fragments in their conventional positive ion spectra. The dissociative +E spectra are either devoid of skeletal rearangement ions or alternatiely contain such peaks in small abundance. In contrast, peaks derived from ortho reactions are present in high abundance.     

Combined Short-Term Glucose Starvation and Chemotherapy in 3D Colorectal Cancer Cell Culture Decreases 14-3-3 Family Protein Expression and Phenotypic Response to Therapy

Short-term glucose starvation prior to chemotherapy has the potential to preferentially weaken cancer cells, making them more likely to succumb to treatment, while protecting normal cells. In this study, we used 3D cell cultures of colorectal cancer and assessed the effects of short-term glucose starvation and chemotherapy compared to treatment of either individually. We evaluated both phenotypic changes and protein expression levels. Our findings indicate that the combined treatment results in more significant phenotypic responses, including decreased cell viability and clonogenicity. These phenotypic responses can be explained by the decreased expression of LDHA and 14-3-3 family proteins, which were found only in the combined treatment groups. This study indicates that short-term glucose starvation has the potential to increase the efficacy of current cancer treatment regimes.

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Graphical Abstract ?

     

Direct numerical simulations of autoignition in turbulent two-phase flows

Three-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) were carried out to investigate the impact of evaporation of droplets on the autoignition process under decaying turbulence. The droplets were taken as point sources and were tracked in a Lagrangian manner. Three cases with the same initial equivalence ratio but different initial droplet size were simulated and the focus was to examine the influence of the droplet evaporation process on the location of autoignition. It was found that an increase in the initial droplet size results in an increase in the autoignition time, that highest reaction rates always occur at a specific mixture fraction ξ_MR, as in purely gaseous flows, and that changes in the initial droplet size did not affect the value of ξ_MR. The conditional correlation coefficient between scalar dissipation rate and reaction rates was only mildly negative, contrary to the strongly negative values for purely gaseous autoigniting flows, possibly due to the continuous generation of mixture fraction by the droplet evaporation process that randomizes both the mixture fraction and the scalar dissipation fields.