Kinetics of polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by the Mn3+-thioacetamide redox system

Kinetics of the polymerization of acrylonitrile has been investigated in aqueous sulfuric acid in a temperature range of 25–45°C. The rate of polymerization (R_p) and the rate of managanic ion disappearance, etc., have been measured. The effect of the various additives, such as water-miscible organic solvents, neutral electrolytes, complexing agents, and surfactants, on the rate has been thoroughly studied. A mechanism that involves the initial complex formation between the thiol form of the thioamide and Mn³⁺, whose decomposition yields the initiating free radical with the polymer chain terminated by mutual combination of growing radicals, has been suggested.     

The microdetermination of C-methyl groups in organic compounds

Summary Existing standard procedures for the microdetermination of C-methyl groups in organic compounds have been discussed, and a modified micromethod, in which the oxidation of the sample and the distillation of the resulting acetic acid are carried out simultaneously, has been presented. New and useful information on the stability of acetic acid, when heated in presence of chromic-sulphuric acid mixture of varying strengths, for periods ranging between 15–90 minutes, and at temperatures varying between 130–300° C, has been given. A number of simple organic substances have been analysed for their C-methyl values by the different procedures, and the results have been recorded and discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Bekannte Verfahren für die Mikrobestimmung von C-Methylgruppen in organischen Verbindungen wurden diskutiert und eine modifizierte Mikromethode vorgeschlagen, bei der die Oxydation der Substanz und die Destillation der dabei entstehenden Essigsäure gleichzeitig durchgeführt werden. Neue und wertvolle Angaben über die Beständigkeit der Essigsäure gegenüber heißer Chromsäure-Schwefelsäure verschiedener Konzentration bei Einwirkungszeiten von 15 bis 90 Minuten und Temperaturen zwischen 130 und 300° werden gemacht. Eine Reihe einfacher organischer Substanzen wurden nach verschiedenen Verfahren auf ihren C-Methylgehalt untersucht: die Ergebnisse werden angeführt und diskutiert.

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Résumé On a discuté les procédés «standards» existant pour doser les groupes C-méthylés dans les composés organiques et l'on a présenté une microméthode modifiée dans laquelle l'on effectue simultanément l'oxydation de l'échantillon et la distillation de l'acide acétique résultant. On a donné une indication nouvelle et utile sur la stabilité de l'acide acétique chauffé en présence du mélange sulfochromique de forces différentes, pendant des durées allant de 15 à 90 minutes et à des températures comprises entre 130 et 300° C. On a analysé un certain nombre de substances organiques du point de vue de leurs teneurs en C-méthylés au moyen de différents procédés et l'on a rassemblé et discuté les résultats.

     

Kinetics of ethynylation of formaldehyde to butynediol

Activity of Cu catalysts and kinetics of ethynylation of formaldehyde using Cu₂C₂ catalyst has been studied. The reaction was found to be 0.41 and 0.58 order with respect to acetylene and formaldehyde concentrations, respectively. The activation energy of the reaction was found to be 15.13 kcal/mol.

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Cu₂C₂ . 0,41 0,58 . 15,13 /.

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NCL Communication No.: 3095     

Elucidation of efficient dual performance in photodegradation and antibacterial activity by a promising candidate Ni-doped MoO3 nanostructure

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology - In the present work, Nickel doped Molybdenum trioxide (NixMoO3) where Ni = X (X = 5, 10, and 15%) nanoparticles (NPs) were...     

Biochemical and Kinetic Study of Laccase from Ganoderma cupreum AG-1 in Hydrogels

In the present study, three different types of hydrogels i.e., (poly (?acrylamide)/alginate (P (AAm)/Alg), poly (acrylamide-N-isopropylacrylamide) (P (AAm-NIPA)), and poly (acrylamide-N-isopropylacrylamide)/alginate (P (AAm-NIPA)/Alg)) were synthesized by acrylamide, alginate, and N-isopropylacrylamide for the entrapment of laccase. The hydrogel-entrapped and free laccase showed optimum temperature of 50 °C for the oxidation of ABTS, but the entrapped laccase showed high temperature, pH, and storage stability as compared to the free enzyme. The K _m values of free laccase, (P (AAm)/Alg)-L, (P (AAm-NIPA))-L, and (P (AAm-NIPA)/Alg)-L were found to be 0.13, 0.28, 0.33, and 0.50 mM, respectively. The V _max values of free laccase, (P (AAm)/Alg)-L, (P (AAm-NIPA))-L, and (P (AAm-NIPA)/Alg)-L were found to be 22.22?×?10², 5.55?×?10², 5.0?×?10², and 4.54?×?10² mM/min, respectively. The entrapped laccase hydrogels were used for the decolorization of Reactive Violet 1 dye, with 39 to 45 % decolorization efficiency till the 10th cycle.     

Optical properties of Nd3+ ions doped in oxyfluoroborate glass

Laser induced excitation spectrum of the Nd3+ ions doped in oxyfluoroborate glass have been recorded. Stark components of different electronic states have been reported. Judd-Ofelt analysis has also been accomplished on the basis of ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-vis-NIR) absorption spectrum. Various radiative parameters such as electric dipole line strength, transition probability, life time of the various energy levels, branching ratio etc., have been estimated.     

Modelling of multifrequency IRMPD for laser isotope separation

The process of infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) of molecules is of great fundamental importance and has practical significance, such as isotope separation etc. Unfortunately, a clear insight into the process has been hindered by the bewildering array of important variables affecting MPD. The dissociation probability γ (φ) i.e. the yield has been found to be a sensitive function of laser fluence φ along with numerous other parameters like laser frequency, gas pressure etc. We have shown that in single frequency IRMPD, an accurate quantitative characterization of the dissociation probability can be adequately expressed by a ‘power law’ model with two fitting parameters namely critical fluence, φ_c and multiphoton order,m. This model was exploited in analysing our MPD results on various systems. However, the small isotope shift encountered in heavy elements and the sticking phenomenon observed in small light molecules restrict respectively the separation factor and the dissociation yield. These problems can effectively be tackled by irradiation with multifrequency laser beams which can be chosen appropriately on the basis of spectroscopic features. Based on our success in single frequency model, multifrequency IRMPD is modelled by a functional form containing the product of power law terms for individual fluences on irradiation frequencies. This model is successfully benchmarked with our experimental results on multifrequency LIS of tritium. Such knowledge can be utilized for appropriate separation process design, evaluation and optimization.