Remarks on unit indices of imaginary abelian number fields II

Satz 41 in Hasse's monograph [4] is modified because of the incorrectness of Satz 29. We investigate unit indices of imaginary abelian number fields of type (2,2) and (2,2, 2), some of which give counterexamples to Satz 41. We moreover give a relation between unit indices of certain imaginary fields of type (2,2²) and those of their real cyclic subfields.     

Linear optical switching in a FLC/waveguide composite device

A fast electrooptic modulation in a polymer waveguide using a ferroelectric liquid crystal has been proposed. In this device, the surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal and the soft mode ferroelectric liquid crystal are used as an active material on the passive polymer waveguide, and electrooptic switching is realized by controlling the total reflection at the polymer waveguide-liquid crystal interface. The response time is of the order of several microseconds. The analogue electrooptic modulation in the waveguide is realized using the field induced linear molecular tilt of the electroclinic effect in the soft mode ferroelectric liquid crystal.     

Synthesis of a mechanically linked oligo[2]rotaxane

A bifunctional [2]rotaxane, bearing two free functional groups each in the ring and axial parts, was synthesized, followed by its polycondensation with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate leading to a mechanically linked oligo[2]rotaxane.     

Preparation and certification of the new reference materials; plastics (disk form, JSAC 0621-0625) for determination of mercury using x-ray fluorescent analysis.

The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry has developed some new plastic certified reference materials (CRMs) for the analysis of mercury in polyester disks using XRF analysis. These CRMs (named as JSAC 0621-0625) were prepared by casting polyesters including a toluene solution of organometallic compounds as a standard. Concentrations of the five levels of mercury ranged from 0 to 250 mg/kg. Homogeneity tests of prepared disks had shown excellent results. Interlaboratory comparison study for the certification was performed by 15 laboratory participants. The z-scores in robust statistical method was applied for the evaluation of outliers. The certified values were assigned after discarding outliers. The uncertainties of certified values were determined as the confidence levels of 95%.     

Studies on the formation of aliphatic aldehydes in the plasma and liver of vitamin E-deficient rats

The effects of vitamin E (E) deficiency on the formation of aliphatic aldehydes in rat plasma and liver were studied. Three-week-old Wistar male rats were fed either an E supplemented diet (2-ambo-alpha-tocopheryl acetate 20 mg/kg diet, designated as E supplemented diet group) or an E deficient diet (E deficient diet group). After 8 weeks, n-hexanal and (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HN) in the plasma of the E deficient diet group were found to be 2.0 and 2.5-fold greater than those of the E supplemented diet group, respectively. The contents of aldehydes such as n-pentanal, n-hexanal, 4-HN in the liver were also significantly higher in the E deficient diet group than in the E supplemented diet group. These results indicate that some aldehydes, arising possibly from lipid peroxides, are produced and detected in the plasma and liver of rats under the condition like E deficiency. In this study we further found that the activity of the liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH, EC 1.2.1.3) was significantly changed; 5 and 8 weeks after the start it was lower in the E deficient diet group when compared to that in the E supplemented diet group. The decrease of enzyme activity was related to the increase of aldehydes such as n-hexanal in the liver. the aldehyde increase in the plasma of the E deficient diet group was thought to raise the injury of cells, namely, a strong hemolysis on erythrocytes prepared from the blood of rats fed the E deficient diet.     

Organic phosphorus compounds. IV. Asymmetric 4-(benzothiazol-2-yl)benzylphosphonates as potent calcium antagonistic vasodilators

Various asymmetric or cyclic ester derivatives of the phosphonic acid moiety in the calcium antagonist fostedil (KB-944) were synthesized. The coronary vasodilator activity of these compounds was assessed by Langendorff's method. Among them, the ethyl isopropyl ester 12 showed the most potent activity, which was comparable to that of fostedil.     

Absorption of diltiazem in beagle dog from pulsatile release tablet.

An orally applicable pulsatile drug delivery system in dry-coated tablet form was prepared using diltiazem hydrochloride as the model drug, and a polyvinyl chloride-hydrogenated castor oil-polyethyleneglycol mixture as the outer shell of the tablet. In vitro drug release from the prepared tablet exhibited a typical pulsatile pattern with a 7 h lag phase (non-drug release period). This dosage form was orally administered to three beagle dogs under non-fasting and fasting conditions, and the plasma concentration level of diltiazem was determined according to time after administration. The result of the in vivo study in non-fasting dogs suggested that the drug could be released in the gastrointestinal tract as in the in vitro test. However, under the fasting condition, a large difference in the plasma concentration profile was found, suggesting that the disintegration time of the tablet tended to be influenced by the feeding condition of subject.