PHYTOCHROME STATES IN ETIOLATED PEA SEEDLINGS: FLUORESCENCE AND PRIMARY PHOTOREACTIONS AT LOW TEMPERATURES

Emission spectra of the red phytochrome form (Pr) and fluence time-response curves of the Pr fluorescence intensity changes were measured in etiolated pea seedlings at low temperatures (80–150 K) in connection with its phototransformations into the initial photoproduct (Lr) and back upon actinic red (667 nm) and far-red (696 nm) illumination. The variable fluorescence reaches 45% at 85 K and decreases with the rise of temperature. Three kinetic components of the changes were found in the direct (Pr→Lr) and back (Lr→Pr) photoreactions belonging to three states of phytochrome: “slow”, “fast” and “very fast” (respective indices: s, f and vf). The amplitudes of the components and rate constants to reach photoequilibrium were determined in the direct and back photoreactions at different temperatures, and from this, their quantum yields, extent of the Pr?Lr phototransformation and activation energy of the reactions were evaluated for the three Pr and Lr states. The yields differ from each other by approximately a factor of 10 and those for the direct and back photoreactions are close to each other. The proportion of the amplitudes of the variable fluorescence of the three phytochrome states changes with temperature and upon the Pr→Lr photo-transformation and the Pr states differ in the position of their emission spectra by 3–5 nm. A close similarity between the Pr and Lr properties was observed, which implies a symmetrical scheme of their photoreactions. It is suggested that the three phytochrome species may originate in different conformational states of the chromophore and they independently transform in parallel photoreactions into the respective photoproducts: Prvf?Lrvf, Prf?Lrf and Prs?Lrs.     

Fluctuations of charged-particle multiplicities over narrow rapidity intervals in <Emphasis Type="Italic">π</Emphasis><Superscript>−</Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis> collisions at 40 GeV/<Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis>

Maximum fluctuations of charged-particle multiplicities over narrow rapidity intervals are investigated for high-P_⊥ processes in π^?A collisions (where A=H, D, C, Cu, Pb) at 40 GeV/c. The observed fluctuations are studied by the method of factorial moments. The results show that the factorial moments 〈F _i 〉 vary in proportion to a power of the rapidity gap δy. This suggests that there are dynamical fluctuations in the processes under study. The experimental data are compared with theoretical results obtained on the basis of the model of quark-gluon strings by using the FRITIOF-7.02 package.     

On a theorem of M. Satô

In 1953 Nash [7] introduced the class of functions Φ. In this paper the behaviour of generalized Cesàro (C,α _n )-means (α _n ∈(−1,0)) of trigonometric Fourier series of the classes H ^ω ∩Φ in the space of continuous functions is studied. The sharpness of the results obtained is shown.     

On the convergence of generalized Cesàro means of trigonometric Fourier series. I

The behavior of generalized Cesàro (C, α _n )-means (α _n ∈ (0, d), d > 0) of trigonometric Fourier series of H ^ω classes in the space of continuous functions is studied. The sharpness of the results obtained is shown.     

On the Generalized Cesáro Summability of Trigonometric Fourier Series

The class of generalized bounded variation is considered. For functions from this class, the deviation of the generalized Cesáro means of negative order in the norm of L^r, (1 ≤ r ≤ ∞) is estimated.

     

On the convergence of generalized Cesàro means of trigonometric Fourier series. II

The behavior of generalized Cesàro (C, α _n )-means (α _n ∈ (?1,0)) of trigonometric Fourier series of H ^ω classes in the space of continuous functions is studied. The sharpness of the results obtained is shown.     

Convergence of Cesàro means of negative order of functions of bounded generalized second variation

A result is obtained for a function of bounded generalized second variation that generalizes a theorem of R. Salem. An analogous theorem is proved for Cesàro means of negative order. It is shown that, in a certain sense, these theorems cannot be improved.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 631–644, November, 1976.     

On convergence and summability of Fourier series

. , , –1<<0. .

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The present work was written on the basis of two earlier works received byAnalysis Mathematica on January 16, 1979, and July 20, 1979.